Transcript Civil War Battles

Civil War Battles
President of the United
States of America
Abraham Lincoln
President of the
Confederate States of
America
Jefferson Davis
General of the Union
General of the Confederacy
Ulysses S. Grant
Robert E. Lee
First Shots: Ft. Sumter
• On April 12, the Rebel, or Confederate, troops
fired the first shots on Yankee, or Union,
troops stationed at Fort Sumter, South
Carolina
• The Civil War had begun!
• Over the next four years, 600,000 Americans
would die
Government in Texas
 Governor: Edward Clark (ad-interim after Houston
was removed)
 First elected governor: Francis Lubbock (1861-1863)
 1863-1865: Pendleton Murrah
 John Reagan: Texas democratic party leader
What was the governor’s main job?
Commander in Chief of
the Texas military forces
Texas Soldiers
60,000-70,000 soldiers fought
Volunteer Units
Hood’s Texas Brigade—John Bell Hood
Terry’s Texas Rangers—Benjamin Terry
Ross’ Brigade—Lawrence “Sul” Ross
•Nearly 70,000 men from Texas fought
for the Confederacy.
•The most famous group was the Texas
Brigade led by John Bell Hood which
fought in the Army of Northern Virginia
under Robert E. Lee.
“Texan’s always move them!!!”
-Robert E. Lee
At the battle of the Wilderness
in 1864
Texans in
the War
John Bell Hood
Texas Soldiers
Many Texans volunteered to fight, but the
Confederacy needed more men
If we want to
win this war,
we need
more men to
fight! It’s
time to start
a draft
Jefferson Davis
President of the
Confederacy
Texas Soldiers
Draft: the enlisting of persons for required
service in the armed forces
Men were forced to fight—but some were allowed to
stay at home
I don’t want
I don’t have
to fight!
to fight
because I
own slaves
Slave owner with more
than 20 slaves
Angry Texan
Many Texans fought in the Civil War but not many
battles were fought in Texas
The Anaconda Plan: The Union’s plan
for winning the war
1. Blockade Southern Ports: cut off trade of
cotton and delivery of supplies
2. Control the Mississippi River: this would cut
the Confederacy in two (Texas and Louisiana
would be cut off from everyone)
3. Capture the capital of Richmond, VA: and
force the government to surrender
4. Squeeze and trap the Confederate army
from the West and the North (see map)
Anaconda Plan to take over
Confederacy
•
Battle of Galveston
Galveston=important port
Oct. 1862 - Union soldiers took over Galveston
after Lincoln ordered blockade
 Jan. 1863 Confederates recapture Galveston
Confederate Gen. John B. Magruder
commanded forces that attacked & were
victorious
Thomas Green = military leader who assisted
Confederate victory
Significance: Texas remained in control of
Galveston for the rest of the war
Emancipation Proclamation
• Early in 1863, in the middle of fighting, Lincoln
issued the Emancipation Proclamation
• This document freed the slaves
•
in the Confederacy
SABINE PASS, TX
Sept. 8, 1863
• Union forces attacked Fort Griffin which was defended
by a Confederate unit called the Davis Guards
• Union attempted to move troops through the pass—
these troops would then cut off Texas’ railroad
connection to Louisiana
•Confederate victory helped restore southern confidence
•Significance: Union did not cut off Texas’ railroad
connection to Louisiana
Battle of Brownsville
• November 2-6, 1863
• Cotton transported to Mexico through
Brownsville
• Union soldiers occupied this town and
enforced a blockade
• Significance: the South could not ship
cotton  lose money
Richmond, VA vs. Washington D.C.
•
•
•
In 1864, Union’s Grant and Confederate’s
Lee fought fiercely, mostly in the 90 miles
between these two capital cities
After a year long siege of Virginia, Grant
captured and burned Confederate capital
of Richmond, VA (March, 1865)
The Rebels had little chance of winning:
– They were running out of food, weapons,
ammunition, and medicine for the wounded
Appomattox Courthouse: END!
• After Richmond, VA fell, Robert E. Lee and his
soldiers fled to the mountains
• On April 9, 1865, at Appomattox Courthouse in
Virginia, General Lee surrendered to Ulysses Grant
Lincoln Assassinated
• During the war there
were many attempts on
his life
• On April 15th, 1865*,
while he was at a play,
John Wilkes Booth was
finally successful
Palmito Ranch
• May 12, 1865—last battle of the civil war
• Palmito Ranch located along Rio Grande
• Confederate victory but…Confederacy had
already surrendered to the Union!