Transcript Notes, Part 2_Texas in the Civil War PPT


Essential Question:
Identify significant
individuals and events
concerning Texas in
the Civil War

Main Idea:
Defending Texas and
its trade routes to
international ports was
vital for the
Confederate economy
during the war.
Union & Confederacy in 1861
 From
1861 to 1865,
more than 500,000
Americans were
killed in the Civil
War. More men died
in this war than all
other wars we have
fought combined.
 The
3 Strategies to
Union victory
o Invade Virginia and
capture Richmond,
the Southern
Confederate capital
o Gain control of the
Mississippi River
o Blockade all
southern ports
 Large
population – 22
million people
 Huge
 75%
factories
of railroads
 (Bigger)
Navy ships
 Fighting
a
defensive war
 Superior
leaders
 Better
skills
military
soldier
 Highly
motivated


On paper, who do
you think should
win the war? The
North or the
South? Why?
Do you think the
South should have
invaded the
North? Why or why
not?
5th Texas Infantry
Regiment, Co. K
 The
Young “Johnny Reb”
ready for war
Confederate
Congress passed the
Conscription Act that
required men b/w
the ages of 18 and 35
to serve in the
Confederate military.
However, the act
excused some
people allowing the
hiring of substitutes.
 Texas
governors
Frances
Lubbock
Frances Lubbock
(1861-1863)
Pendleton Murrah
(1863-1865)
 WRITE THIS DOWN
TOO! James W.
Throckmorton (18661867)
 originally voted against
secession but couldn’t
fight against Texas
Pendleton
Murrah



Nearly 60,000 Texans
joined the Confederate
Army
Most famous Texan in
Civil War
Texan Albert Sidney
Johnston was the secondhighest ranking
Confederate General
that fought and died at
the Battle of Shiloh in
Tennessee—huge blow
to the Confederacy



Hood’s Texas Brigade – Gen.
Robert E. Lee called them
his “finest soldiers”; led by
John Bell Hood
Terry’s Texas Rangers –
fought in more battles than
any other cavalry regiment
(200); led by Benjamin F.
Terry
Ross’s Texas Brigade –
fought primarily in the
western Trans-Mississippi
River department; led by
future governor and Texas
A&M President Lawrence
Sullivan Ross
Lawrence Sullivan
Ross
 About
2,000 Texas
Unionists
 Approximately 50
were African
American soldiers
African American
Texan Milton Holland
was rewarded the
Medal of Honor for his
bravery on the
battlefield.


Some Texas Unionists hid,
but were later captured and
arrested. Others were
forced into the Confederate
Army.
Mexican-Americans served
on both sides of the war.
 Most joined the Union
because of pay and their
stance against slavery

Vigilantes, or citizens who
act as an unauthorized
police force, hanged about
40 Unionists in Gainesville,
TX in 1862.
o Because Texas was an
Union gunboat docked at
Galveston port
important link in the
Confederate supply line, the
Union navy used its ships to
blockade, or using troops or
warships to prevent passage
of supplies to the coast of
Texas. Cotton was
transported through Mexico
and sent to Europe in
exchange for war supplies.
o Although Union forces
captured the city of
Galveston, Confederate
forces led by General John
B. Magruder recaptured the
city on January 1, 1863.
o Galveston was crucial
because it was the state’s
busiest seaport.
Texas-Mexico Trade
Routes
Texas was economically important to the Confederacy because the
Confederacy was able to conduct foreign trade through Mexico by
way of Texas.
"There is no parallel in ancient or modern warfare to the victory of
Dowling and his men at Sabine Pass considering the great odds
against which they had to contend" President Jefferson Davis
The Battle of
Sabine Pass
Sept. 8, 1863
The CSA Davis Guards led by Richard
Dowling turned back the Union invasion of
Texas at Sabine Pass in Sept. 1863. when they
took 350 Union soldiers prisoner and
captured 2 ships. Very important victory for
the Confederacy since Union plans to launch
a major campaign against Texas were dashed.

November 1863: Union
forces capture
Brownsville, TX
This hurts the CSA
because cotton and
weapons move through
the port for the CSA

CSA Colonel John S.
Ford drove the Union
Army back and
recaptured Brownsville
in July 1864.
 Thomas
Green, a
former member of
the congress of the
Republic and a
veteran of the Battle
of San Jacinto and
Mexican-American
War, also led
Confederate forces
during the Red River
campaign.


At Appomattox Courthouse,
Confederate Gen. Robert E.
Lee surrendered to U.S.
Gen. Ulysses S. Grant on
April 9, 1865.
HOWEVER, on May 13,
1865: Confederate forces
led by John S. Ford defeat
Union troops in Texas at
Palmito Ranch – the final
land battle of the war.
• The Confederates did NOT
know Lee had surrendered a
month earlier! They were
informed by Union prisoners
of the news!


The North’s victory in the
Civil War meant the
Union was preserved.
On April 14 (five days
after Appomattox), an
actor and southern
sympathizer named John
Wilkes Booth
assassinated President
Lincoln in Ford’s Theater
in Washington D.C. As a
result of this tragic event,
the whole nation grieved
together.
Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)
The Assassination
Lincoln’s Deathbed
The Execution of the Conspirators
As a result of the
South’s surrender, the
Texas state
government collapsed
due to lack of
leadership.
 Governor Pendleton
Murrah fled to Mexico
in June 1865 to escape
Union troops. This
action resulted in Texas
being lawless for a
brief period of time.
