Transcript The Civil War and Reconstruction

The Civil War
Texas History
Chapter 15
Issues Divide the Country
The new
Republican
Party was
supported in the
North and
opposed slavery
South Disagrees
Southerners
believed a victory
for the Republican
Party would mean
the end of slavery
and the Southern
way of life
South Disagrees
The South
believed in state’s
rights, or that the
federal
government
should have
limited power over
states.
South Disagrees
If the Republicans
won the 1860
election, Southern
leaders threatened
to secede from the
Union
Secede: to
withdraw
South Disagrees
Southern
Democrats: political
party supported
slavery and against
high tariffs, a
homestead act and
internal
improvements.
Secession
Members of the
1861 Montgomery
Convention in
Alabama formed
the Confederate
States of America
and drew up a
constitution.
Secession
The Confederate
Constitution gave
more power to the
states and
legalized slavery.
Secession
Texas Secession
Convention met in
Austin in January
1861 and adopted
decree called the
Ordinance of
Secession.
Ordinance means
local law.
Secession
The decree
ordered all state
officials to take an
oath of allegiance
to the
Confederacy.
Unionists
Some Texans who
supported the United
States joined the
Union army.
Unionists: people who
supported the Union in
the Civil War
Vigilantes
Vigilantes were
citizens who act as
an unauthorized
police for an area.
Vigilantes in
Gainesville, TX
hung 40 suspected
Unionists.
New Presidents
 Abraham Lincoln
was elected the
President of the
United States in
1860
 Jefferson Davis
was elected the
President of the
Confederacy
United States of America
President Lincoln
believed in the
sovereignty, or
supreme power, of
the United States
of America.
United States of America
Lincoln believed that
the Union would be
perpetual, or
continuing forever,
and no problems
between the states
were insurmountable,
or impossible to
overcome.
War Begins
 April 12, 1861:
Union troops
refused to evacuate
Fort Sumter in
South Carolina
 Confederates
opened fire,
beginning the Civil
War
Civil War Commanders
 Ulysses S. Grant
was commander of
the Union forces
 Robert E. Lee was
commander of the
Confederate forces
Texans Go To War
 Conscription: the
forced enrollment
of people into
military service
 More than 60,000
Texans joined the
Confederacy
Fighting for Galveston
 Vital to Confederate
chain of supplies
 Union navy blockaded
ports
 Blockade: to isolate a
particular enemy by
using troops or ships to
prevent the passage of
supplies or people.
Battle of Sabine Pass
Union troops
attempted to
capture Houston
and Galveston.
Preventive strike:
action taken to
prevent a possible
future attack
Battle of Sabine Pass
Important victory
for the
Confederacy;
prevented Union
plans to launch a
major campaign
against Texas
Terry’s Texas Rangers
 Officially known
as the 8th Texas
Calvary Regiment
 Fought in more
battles than any
other cavalry
regiment in the
Civil War
Hood’s Texas Brigade
Fought in many of
the great battles of
the Civil War;
called some of the
finest soldiers by
General Robert E.
Lee.
Albert Sidney Johnston
Commander of the
Army of the
Republic of Texas.
He was the
second-highest
ranking general in
the Confederate
army.
Colonel Santos Benavides
He was the
highest ranking
Mexican-American
officer to fight for
the Confederacy.
Milton Holland
African American
who won the
Medal of Honor
fighting for the
Union.
Shortages
 Homespun:
clothing made of
coarse fabric
 Substitutes for
coffee and tea
Shortages
 Lack of
medicines,
paper, salt, flour
 Quinine:
important drug
used to fight
malaria
Civil War Ends
April 9, 1865: General
Robert E. Lee
surrendered
Confederate armies to
General Ulysses S.
Grant at Appomattox
Courthouse in Virginia
Civil War Ends
 Palmito Ranch, near
Brownsville, was the
last battle of the Civil
War.
 Texans learned from
Union prisoners that
Lee had surrendered
a month earlier
Union is Preserved
 The North’s victory
meant the Union of
the United States
had been
preserved.
 Slavery ended
 More than 600,000
soldiers died
Lincoln Assassination
John Wilkes Booth
shot and killed
President Lincoln
just five days after
Lee’s surrender at
Appomattox.
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