Transcript Civil War and Reconstruction

Unit 9
Civil War and
Reconstruction
JUMP START
• Use your textbook and complete the
Frayer Model below in your notebook for
the terms vigilante and freedman. (2
models)
Definition
Examples
Characteristics
Vocabulary
Word
Non-Examples
Texas During the War
• Union Supporters in
Texas
• Wartime Economy
• Home Front
Hardships
• Refugees
Union Supporters in Texas
• ¼ of Texans supported secession
• Highest #s in North Texas
• Vigilantes and the 40 hangings at
Gainesville
• German Texans divided, until the draft
• Tejanos supported both sides
Wartime Economy
• Texans raised cotton and cattle
• Blockades made the sale of
cotton difficult, so more corn
and wheat were grown
• Women took over for men
• Factories supported the efforts
for weapons
• Taxes are high making
Confederate $ worth very little
Home Front Hardships
• Blockade=items in short
supply
• Clothes, shoes, medicines
were sent to the battle lines
• Newspapers were
discontinued
• Texans used substitutes
(herbs for medicine, acorns
for coffee, honey for sugar)
Refugees
• Thousands of slaves sent to TX to prevent
escape or capture from the Union.
• Most were accompanied by owners who
were unhappily forced from their homes.
Texas After the War
• Reconstruction – time period in which states
worked to change to rejoin the U.S.
• http://www.history.com/topics/reconstruction/vid
eos#the-failure-of-reconstruction
Political
Effects
Write a new
Constitution that
rejects
secession &
slavery
Economic
Effects
Develop a new
labor system
that is not
based on
slavery
Social
Effects
Changing the
status of African
Americans
Emancipation Proclamation
• Lincoln issues in January of 1863, but TX
ignores it.
• After southern surrender, Gen. Granger
arrives in TX on June 19, 1865 to declare
all slaves FREE.
• Juneteenth is celebrated as a day of
FREEDOM for freedmen.
Freedmen’s Bureau
• Created by Congress to help former
slaves w/challenges of freedom
• Provided food, shelter, and medicine as
well as jobs and representation in court
• Agents faced many obstacles
• Major contribution - SCHOOLS
JUMP START
IN YOUR NOTEBOOK - Imagine that you
are President of the U.S. faced with the
task of bringing the nation back together.
What requirements would you make the
southern states meet before readmitting
them to the Union?
Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan
Goal – Reunite Union ASAP (forgiveness)
Requirements:
• 10% of voters take oath of allegiance
• Elect delegates to revise state
constitutions
• Southerners, except high ranks, would
receive pardons
• Public property would be protected
Presidential Reconstruction Plan
Lincoln is assassinated in 1865 w/VP Johnson
taking over.
Goal – Reunite Union ASAP (states’ rights)
Requirements:
• States end slavery
• States declare secession illegal.
• Cancel all war debts.
• To vote, all white males must pledge loyalty to
U.S.
Texas’s Response
• Appointed Hamilton, a Unionist, temporary
Governor
• Constitution of 1866 changed most things back
to the original 1845 document and ended
slavery.
• TX refused to ratify the 13th amendment and
denied civil rights of African Americans.
• Enacted “Black Codes” which denied rights even
further
Congress Reaction to Texas
• President Johnson agrees to readmit TX.
• Congress does not.
• Congress says they can’t be trusted
(elected former Confederate supporters
and unfair w/African Americans)
Congressional Reconstruction
Radical Republicans
Goal – Reunite the Union & reorganize
South (punishment)
Requirements:
• 14th Amendment – grants citizenship
• Limits role of Confederate leaders
• States placed under military rule
• “Ironclad Oath” – rise of the KKK
Constitution of 1869
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•
•
•
•
•
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Longest & most $$$ convention ever
Very detailed and too costly to enforce
Declared U.S. the law of the land
Guaranteed all men the right to vote (15th)
Established public school system for all
Centralized law enforcement system
Governor Edmund Davis is elected in
many Texans’ eyes unfairly.
JUMP START
Grab a review sheet from the stool and
begin reviewing your notes in your
notebook for the details. You will need to
study tonight!
AGENDA:
1. Finish up notes.
2. Discuss review.
3. TX history baseball review
TX is Readmitted to the Union
• Davis and Radical Republicans ratify the
14th and 15th amendments per Congress’s
request.
• TX is readmitted into the Union on March
8, 1870.
• President Grant declares Reconstruction
over and removes military troops.
Davis’s Administration
• Radical Republicans vs. Redeemers
• Davis’s legislative policies were referred to
as the “Obnoxious Acts”
• Davis was given great power…created
state police, militia, and could appoint
offices.
• People feared his power.
End of Reconstruction
• Democrats fight to gain control of
legislature in 1872.
• Eliminate all of Davis’s acts and choose
Coke to run against him in his reelection.
• Coke defeats Davis, who will not go
quietly.
• African Americans lose ground.
Constitution of 1876
• Limits the power of the legislature and
governor
• Legislature meets only every other year
• Can only make changes by
amendment=over 400 times!!!
• Land for education, railroads, and
homesteads
• Adopted Feb. 15, 1876