Transcript Unit 8 - Ector County ISD

Unit 7
Texas in the Civil War and Reconstruction
What does this era focus on?
Answer: Citizens of the North and South
being divided
Absolute and Relative Chronology
Make a Timeline
• 1861- Secession Convention:
Why were the Delegates of Texas in favor of
secession?
Answer: They believed slavery was vital to the economy
of Texas. Remember, the North’s economy was based
on manufacturing/factories and its industrial growth
was more facilitated due to its location next to the
natural harbors
• 1861 – Sam Houston resigns as the governor of
Texas (Refuses to take oath of allegiance to the
Confederate States of America)
• 1861 – Civil War begins (Texas joins the Confederate
States of America and secedes from the Union)
Absolute and Relative Chronology
Continued
• 1865- The Civil War ends and President Abraham
Lincoln is assassinated
• June 19, 1865 (Junteenth)– Emancipation Day in
Texas (African Americans learn they are free)
• 1870 - President Grant signed an act to readmit
Texas to the Union through Congressional
representation
Absolute and Relative Chronology
Continued
• 1865-1874 – Reconstruction in Texas
• 1876- The Constitution of 1876 is adopted (this
is the constitution we use today). Texans did not
want a strong Central government and opted to
rewrite the constitution and include limitations of
the governor’s powers and voting rights to
African Americans.
Reasons Texas was involved in the
Civil War
• State’s Rights – Texans believed that states
should be able to make their own political
economic, and social decisions with minimal
federal government interference
• Slavery (major reason) – Texans believed slavery
was vital to the economy
• Sectionalism -- The Texas economy, social
structure, customs and political values were
much like other southern states
• Were the above causes mainly based on
economic reasons? Explain your answer
Reasons Continued
• Texans wanted low tariffs so they could continue
to trade cotton with European nations. Southern
states produced 80% of the world’s supply of
cotton.
Political, Economic,
and Social effects
of the Civil War and
Reconstruction in
Texas
Make a Three Column Chart
Title: Civil War Effects
Political
Economic
Social
Political Effects
• Texas joins the Confederate States of America
• Houston removed from office because he failed
to sign an oath to the confederacy
• Conscription Act – 60,000 Texans joined the
confederate army
• Some Texans sided with the Union and joined
the Union forces
Economic Effects
• Shortages of commodities, such as coffee,
medicine, clothing, salt, paper
• Trade along the Mexican border continued and
supplied some of these items to Texas
• Cotton production declines during the Civil War
and increases after
• Inadequate production in agriculture and
business
• Shortages were also due to the Union blockade
along the Texas Coast
• There was an increase in the production of corn
and wheat in order to feed the soldiers
Social Effects of the Civil War
• Greater responsibilities for women and children
during the war
• Do you think the population of Texas increased
or declined during the Civil War? Be able to
explain your answer.
• Answer: Declined during the Civil War /
increased after
• Loss of family members
• Union supporters were treated with hostility
Reconstruction in
Texas
Did the Reconstruction period take place
before or after the Civil War?
Answer: After (1865-1874)
Make a Three Column Chart
Title: Reconstruction Effects
Political
Economic
Social
Political Effects
• In the early 1800’s Free African Americans could
own property, but enslaved African Americans
had no rights at all!
• Reconstruction Amendments
– 13th Amendment (1865) Abolished
slavery
– 14th Amendment (1868) all persons born
in the U.S. (except Native Americans)
were citizens and that all citizens were
entitled to equal rights regardless of
their race.
– 15th Amendment (1870) All men,
regardless of race, were allowed to
vote.
Economic Effects
• Growth of tenant farming and sharecropping
• Expansion of Railroad –Prior to the Civil War, the
Railroad was common in the North but was
lacking in the South
• Cattle industry booms
Social Effects
• Juneteenth – June 19th, 1865
– Emancipation Day in Texas
(African Americans learn they
are free)
• Freedmen’s bureau
established
Significant
Individuals and
Events Concerning
Texas and the Civil
War
Significant Individuals
• John B. Magruder• Commanded Confederate forces in
the Battle of Galveston
– Retook Galveston by attacking
Union ships using steamboats
converted to gunboats by lining the
sides with cotton bales to protect
the gunmen
Battle of Palmito Ranch
• 1863- The Union made plans to invade Texas
• This battle was fought along the Rio Grande River
• It was fought after the surrender of the Confederacy
- Confederate General Robert E. Lee
surrendered on April 9, 1865 but
Confederate forces did not stop fighting for
another month because word spread slowly
• There were no military conflicts associated with the
Civil War after this battle
• victory for the Confederacy
Communication Issues
How was Texas affected by communication issues
or developments during the Civil War?
Answer: Slow communication allowed for
continued fighting and delayed the emancipation
of enslaved people for weeks after the war ended.
Discussion Question
• Should Texas have joined the Confederacy or
stayed with the Union?
• Explain your answer
Structure and
Functions of
Government
City Government
Make a Bubble Map
• Structure –
Mayor,Council,City Manager
• Function –
– Provides police and fire protection
– Emergency medical services (ambulances)
– Constructs sewer and water lines
– Inspects structures for health and safety
– Establishes zoning rules for construction
Sources of Revenue for State and
Local Government
Make a Bubble Map
• State and local governments are funded by
taxes
• Property Tax – A tax based on the value of your
property
• Sales Tax – A consumption tax set at 6.25%
(Cities, Counties, Etc. may impose and additional
2%) largest source of tax revenue
Rights of Texas
Citizens
Rights defined in the Texas Constitution and
Texas Bill of Rights
Article One of the Texas Constitution
(Texas Bill of Rights)
Make a Bubble Map
• Freedom of Worship ( No man shall be forced to
attend or support any place of worship)
• Freedom of speech and press
• Freedom of assembly
• Protection from unreasonable searches and seizures
• Equality under the law
• Fair trial and rights of the accused in criminal
prosecutions
• Rights of Crime Victims ( They shall be notified of
court proceedings as well as the conviction,
sentence, imprisonment, and release of the accused)
Principles of the Constitution
• Study the following principles from your
vocabulary:
• Checks and balances
• Separation of powers
• Popular sovereignty
• Individual rights
• federalism