Transcript What does each picture represent?

CIVIL WAR FOLDABLE DIRECTIONS
Step 3
Write at the
top of each
column the
following:
• Economic
• Political
• Social
ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES
• South:
o Agricultural economy based on cash crops, especially cotton
• North:
o More advanced commercially and was expanding industrially
(factories and warehouses)
• Tariffs were placed on imports and favored the North because
they benefitted Northern industries
POLITICAL DIFFERENCES
• South
o Believed state laws carried more weight than federal law
• North
o Favored a stronger central government
POLITICAL DIFFERENCES
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•
•
•
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Since the time of the American Revolution, two camps emerged: those
arguing for greater states rights and those arguing that the federal
government needed to have more control.
Many Southerners believed that state laws carried more weight than federal
laws, and they should abide by the state regulations first. (states’ rights)
Popular sovereignty – people living in the territories could decide for
themselves if they would join the U.S. as a free or slave state
Compromise of 1850 – Established popular sovereignty to New Mexico and
Utah
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
o Provided for the territorial organization of Kansas and Nebraska under
the principle of popular sovereignty,
o States were given the opportunity to decide whether to admit slavery
in their state or not.
IDEAS FOR SHOWING POLITICAL DIFFERENCES
•
Draw a picture showing the differences between the North and the South: States’
Rights and Federal Government to have more control
•
Draw a picture to represent Popular Sovereignty
•
Draw a picture that represents the Compromise of 1850 and Kansas-Nebraska
Act (slavery by popular sovereignty)
SOCIAL DIFFERENCES
• South
o Plantation system and favored slavery
• North
o Factories, cheap workforce (immigrants and children), opposed
slavery
SOCIAL DIFFERENCES
•
1860 – Election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the U.S. – fear that
Republican control of the executive branch would threaten slavery
•
1860- Texas divided between a region dependent on slavery and a largely
slave-free region.
•
The Plantation System was based on one cash crop, cotton. Slaves were the
source of labor on a plantation. The social structure of the South was based
on the number of slaves a planter owned. The largest plantation owners and
slaveholders had the highest social status. Poor white non-slaveholders were
one notch above the lowest social class—the slave.
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Invention of the Cotton Gin
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Demand for Cotton & Spread of Plantations: European and Northern textile
mills demanded more and more cotton during the early and middle 19th
Century. New plantations increased the demand for slaves in the Lower South
and west of the Mississippi River. By 1850, the South produced about 7/8 of
the world’s cotton – the U.S. and Texas’ largest export.
IDEAS FOR SHOWING SOCIAL DIFFERENCES
•
Draw a picture to represent Lincoln’s election.
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Draw a picture for cash crops.
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Draw a picture for the cotton gin.
TEXAS SECESSION
• 1861 – Texas joined the Confederacy
o Despite Governor Sam Houston’s opposition, the Secession
Convention met in Austin
o Texas seceded from the Union and joined the Confederacy
o Gov. Sam Houston refused to declare loyalty to the
Confederacy and was removed from office by the Texas
Secession Convention
LEADERS DURING CIVIL WAR
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Abraham Lincoln
o elected President in 1860; viewed by South as a MAJOR threat to
slavery; prompted South Carolina, Texas, and other states to seceded
from the Union
•
Jefferson Davis
o served as President of the Confederate States of America during Civil
War
•
Ulysses S. Grant
o General for the Union Army
•
Robert E. Leeo General of the Confederate States of America Army
LEADERS DURING CIVIL WAR
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John Reagan
o Resigned from Texas U.S. House of Representatives when Texas
seceded from the Union to join CSA
o Served in the cabinet of Jefferson Davis as Postmaster General
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Francis Lubbock
o Governor during Civil War (1861-1863)
o Worked closely with Confederacy to meet manpower needs of war
o Joined Confederate Army in 1863
o Captured with Jefferson Davis and John Reagan at end of war
TEXAS’ ROLE IN CIVIL WAR
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Supplied soldiers to both sides
 Confederacy – Approximately 90,000 (mostly cavalry due to experience with
horses)
o John Bell Hood – Commander of Hoods Texas Brigade (finest in General
Lee’s army). He defended Richmond (capital of CSA) and fought Indians in
frontier
o Thomas Green – Commander of Texas Confederate forces; served in Battle
of Galveston; killed during war
 Union – approximately 2,000
TEXAS’ ROLE IN CIVIL WAR
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Protected the frontier
o After removal of U.S., troops from Texas, the state and Confederacy assumed
responsibility of protection from Indian threat
o Chased renegades and outlaws
o Controlled Union activity in frontier
•
Defended the coastline
o
To prevent Union blockade of supplies and trade
o
Battle of Galveston
o
Battle of Sabine Pass (1863) Confederate forces repel invasion of U.S.
forces at mouth of Sabine River
TEXAS’ ROLE IN CIVIL WAR
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Economic Contributions
• Traded cotton for weapons, uniforms and medicine
• Planted more corn at the government’s request
• Developed manufacturing plants and weapons factories
• Increase in slave population as Southern states sent slaves west to avoid Union
army
TEXAS’ ROLE IN CIVIL WAR
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Life of ordinary Texans affected by war
o
Absence of men created more responsibility for women and children
o
Farmers planted more corn, less cotton at government request for military food
o
Increase in slaves – sent from other Southern states to avoid Union armies
o
Transportation – materials diverted to military
 Halt of building railroads
 Roads and railroad tracks destroyed
 Bridges and roads suffered from lack of repair
•
Battle of Palmito Ranch (May, 1865)
o
Last land engagement of the Civil War fought in far south Texas
o
More than a month after Gen. Lee’s surrender at Appomattox, VA.
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
• Executive order written by Lincoln to free all slaves (in rebelling
states) on Jan. 1, 1863
• Not enforced in the South during the Civil War
• June 19, 1865 – proclamation finally read in Texas, belatedly freeing
250,000 slaves
• Juneteenth – cultural celebration today celebrating the freeing of
slaves in Texas
ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, OR SOCIAL??
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ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, OR SOCIAL??
Election of -
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ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, OR SOCIAL??
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