Transcript The Civil War

The
Civil War
(1861-1865)
Graphics taken from Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Rating the North & the South
Resources: North & the South
The Union
(North, Blue, Yankees)
President:
Abraham Lincoln
General:
Ulysses S. Grant
Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address
• “One section of the country believes slavery
is right…while the other believes it is
wrong…this is the only substantial
dispute.”
• “In your hands, and not in mine is the
momentous issue of civil war.
Advantages of the North
•
•
•
•
Larger population = more soldiers
More factories and shipyards
Better network of railroads
Raise more money to spend on the war
Disadvantages of the North
• Soldiers were poorly trained and
disorganized
• As a volunteer army, most felt they could
return home at will to tend to business
• Congress was slow to provide money for the
war
• They had the burden to attack the South
Military Strategy
• Blockade the Atlantic
• Move down the Mississippi River
• Cut the South in half and squeeze them
into surrender.
The Confederates
(South, Grey, Rebels)
President:
Jefferson Davis
General:
Robert E. Lee
Jefferson Davis Inaugural Address
• The secession of the Southern states is
similar to the colonists revolution against
the British and justifies the “need” to
secede.
Advantages of the South
• Military tradition in the south provided many skilled
officers
• Only had to defend themselves until the North got tired of
fighting
• Large areas of land for the North to defeat and occupy
Disadvantages of the South
• Slow to get supplies, they had to make their own since
there were no factories
• No railroad system to transport supplies and troops
• Small population due to large plantations and agrarian
(farming) society
The Confederate’s
Military Strategies
1. Defend northern attacks.
2. Wear down the north and they
will grow tired of fighting and the
war will end.
Battles & Events
of the Civil War
(2nd Worksheet)
April 12, 1861
Fort Sumter is on an island in the Charleston Harbor of South
Carolina. It is a federal fort on Confederate soil. President Lincoln
informs President Davis he is sending a shipment of supplies with no
arms included. Davis believes otherwise and Confederate Rebel
forces fire upon the fort. The next day the Union surrenders the fort,
the Confederates are victorious and the Civil War begins.
July 16, 1861
Battle of Bull Run fought near the city of Manassas, Virginia.
It was the first major land battle of the Civil War. President Lincoln
sends the Union troops to attack the Confederate forces who had a
strong position set up at Bull Run just northeast of Manassas. The goal
being to defeat the bulk of the Confederate army, march on to the
southern capital city and end the war. Communication failures among
Union officers and reinforcements arriving for the Confederates led to a
Confederate victory.
September 17, 1862
Battle of Antietam was the first battle of the Civil War to take place on
Northern soil in Sharpsburg, Maryland. 3 major assaults by the Union
driving the Confederates over the stone bridge at Antietam Creek. Help
arrives for the Confederates. The battle ends with a Union victory when Lee
retreats to Virginia. It is the bloodiest one-day battle in American History
with 23,000 casualties. Battle builds Union confidence and leads Lincoln to
issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
January 1863
President Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation is officially signed.
The Proclamation (or order) freed only slaves in Confederate states that
fought against the Union. It did not free slaves in the border states that were
loyal to the Union. Changed the nature of the war from that of preserving the
Union to freeing the slaves.
Emancipation in 1863
May – June1863
Siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi.
General Grant sends troops in to
surround the Confederate troops and
lay siege to the city. After 47 days
under siege conditions, General
Pemberton surrenders the Confederate
troops in Vicksburg. The Union is able
to gain control of the Mississippi
River and effectively dividing the South
in half and cutting the bulk of the South
off from the food and supply lines
coming from Louisiana, Texas and
Arkansas.
Completion
of
the North’s
Strategy:
“Anaconda”
Plan
July 1863
Battle of Gettysburg,
Pennsylvania. Lee heads north to
Pennsylvania to lead the fighting
away from battle torn Virginia and to
try a second time to invade the North.
Lee’s forces are repelled by the
Union. The South is no longer
capable of an offensive move into the
north. The fate of the South is sealed.
Gettysburg Casualties
Gettysburg
Address
Ceremony to dedicate a national cemetery honoring
those who died there.
Lincoln’s speech was 2 minutes and consisted of 10
sentences
Considered one of the world’s great statements on
democracy and the purpose in dying –and living- for it.
Lincoln wins reelection in 1864
April 1865
Appomattox, Virginia. General
Lee makes one last attempt to escape
the closing Union forces and reach his
supplies at Lynchburg. At dawn the
Confederates advance, initially gaining
ground against the Union cavalry. The
arrival of Union infantry, however,
stopped the advance in its tracks. Lee’s
army was now surrounded on three
sides.
April 9, 1865 General Lee
surrenders the Confederate forces
to General Grant of the Union at
Appomattox Court House, VA.
"There is nothing left me to do but to
go and see General Grant, and I would
rather die a thousand deaths."
General Robert E. Lee
Casualties on Both Sides
Civil War Casualties in
Comparison to Other Wars