Transcript THE CIVIL WAR 05_06 Pt I

THE CIVIL WAR
1861-1865
• Union
vs Confederacy
Union Leaders
Abraham
Lincoln
•President of
the US during
the Civil War
•Insisted that
the Union be
held together,
by force if
necessary.
Ulysses Grant
•Union military
commander, who
won victories over
the South after
several Union
commanders had
failed.
Frederick Douglass
He urged
Lincoln to
recruit former
slaves to fight
in the Union
army.
th
54
Massachusetts
Regiment
• The first black
unit in the Union
Army to see
military action.
• Suicide Mission
Confederate
Leaders
Jefferson Davis
President of
the
Confederate
States of
America
Robert E. Lee
•General of
Confederate Army
•Opposed
secession, but did
not believe the
Union should be
held together by
force.
Union
Advantages
Population of North and South
South
North
0
5
10
15
Millions
20
25
•Larger Population
–More troops
Factories in North and South
South
North
0
20
40
60
Thousands
80
100
120
•More factories
–More supplies (guns,
railroads,weapons)
–More money
Confederate
Advantages
•Military Colleges in
South
–Better Generals &
Soldiers
•Fighting for “freedom”
(stronger will to win)
Battles and Their Results
Fort Sumter (April 1861)
•Charleston
Harbor (SC)
•Opening
confrontation
of the Civil
War
Bull Run (Manassas, July 1861)
• Demonstrated
that war would
not end quickly
• Southern
victory
Antietam / Sharpsburg (Sept 1862)
•This Union
victory led to
the issuance
of the
Emancipation
Proclamation.
•Bloodiest
battle of war
Gettysburg (July 1863)
Union victory and turning point of the war.
Lincoln dedicated a national cemetery
here and gave the famous “Gettysburg
Address.”
Sherman’s march to the sea (Summer
1864)
• Gen. Sherman led
a march through
the South
• He burned every
city and farm he
passed through
• Wanted to cripple
the Southern
economy
April 2, 1865
• Richmond falls
to Union
General Grant
Appomattox Court House (April
1865)
• Lee surrenders
to Grant
• Lee urged
southerners to
accept defeat
• Officially ended
war
End of Civil War
Economic cost
• Over $20
billion spent
• 2/3rd of the
wealth of
the South
destroyed
Economic
and Social
Impact of War
Northern economy grew 50%
• Industries increased production
to create material for war
• North and Midwest emerged
with strong and growing
industrial economies
Northern economy grew 50%
• Set the stage for the emergence of
the US as a global power by the
beginning of the 20th century.
• Completion of the transcontinental
railroad intensified the westward
movement of settlers into the
states between the Mississippi River
and the Pacific Ocean
South left embittered and
devastated by war.
• Farms, railroads, factories
destroyed
• Agricultural labor system
destroyed
• Many freedmen (former slaves)
migrated north and west
• Disorganized society
South left embittered and
devastated by war.
• Shortage of food, shelter and
jobs
• Richmond and Atlanta in ruins
• Will remain a backward,
agriculture-based economy
and the poorest section of the
nation for many decades
Political Results
• Established power of Republican
Party
• Strengthened concept of “union”
• North dominated government
• Led to emergence of powerful
Democratic Party in South (the “Solid
South”)