Transcript Civil War Battles and the End of the War

Civil War and the End
Battle of Shiloh
April 6/7, 1862; massive battles in Shiloh,
Tennessee. South attacks North before
reinforcement arrive.
Shocking the nation, 20,000 soldiers
combined die.
North wins and is in great position to take
full control of Mississippi River
Second Battle of Bull Run
(Manassas)
Aug 29, 1862- Confederate and Union
troops meet again. Jackson’s and Lee’s
forces meet up and defeated the Union
army.
Instead of being close to take Richmond
as Lincoln wanted, Southern troops
were now only 20 miles from
Washington D.C.
Battle of Antietam
North found a copy of Lee’s orders and knew
what Lee was going to do.
Battle started on Sept. 17. Single most bloody
day of Civil War, 30,000 men die.
 South retreated
Importance: Army of Potomac(puh-toe-mic)
(North) gain some confidence.
Marked change in War aim, now concentrating
on ending slavery.
Gettysburg
 July 1-3, 1863; General
Lee tried to invade the
North and Union battled
outside the town of
Gettysburg, PA.
 Union won, but both sides
lost a lot of men:
Confederates – 28,000 &
Union – 23,000
 Led to the Gettysburg
Address
Gettysburg Address
 Lincoln addressed those
gathered at Gettysburg to
dedicate the land as a
cemetery
 Significant development
in the history of individual
rights. Promises that the
union will eventually join
together and give people
equality!
 “Government of the
people, by the people,
and for the people”
The Address
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this
continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition
that "all men are created equal"
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or
any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a
great battle field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it, as a final
resting place for those who died here, that the nation might live. This we may, in
all propriety do. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not
consecrate -- we can not hallow, this ground-- The brave men, living and dead,
who struggled here, have hallowed it, far above our poor power to add or
detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here; while it
can never forget what they did here.
It is rather for us, the living, to stand here, we here be dedica-ted to the
great task remaining before us -- that, from these honored dead we take
increased devotion to that cause for which they here, gave the last full measure
of devotion -- that we here highly resolve these dead shall not have died in vain;
that the nation, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the
people by the people for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
Emancipation Proclamation
January 1863
North wants to change
goal of war and prevent
France and England
from helping the South.
Lincoln issues
Emancipation
Proclamation.
It freed all slaves in
rebellion against the
Union.
Border States were
allowed to keep slaves.
Effects of the Emancipation
Proclamation
 Emancipation Proclamation was
more symbolic. Didn’t really free
anyone.
 It did give African Americans and
abolitionists reason to celebrate.
 It caused Britain and France to
withhold recognition of the
Confederacy.
 Gave new cause to War.
 In 1864 Republicans in Congress
prepared the 13th Amendment
abolishing Slavery. It was ratified
in 1865.
 Led to the use of African American
troops in the Civil War.
Final Phases of War
 Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and
Gen. William Tecumseh
Sherman Won battles in
Chattanooga, TN.
 Lincoln makes Grant head
of Union Army (1864)
 Grant would fight Lee in
Virginia. Sherman fights to
take Atlanta, GA
 Series of 3 battles: Battle of
Wilderness, Spotsylvania,
Cold Harbor.
Sherman’s March to the Sea
 Sherman began a “march to
the Sea” to Savannah,
Georgia.
 He abandons supply lines and
has armies eat off the line,
using anything it could and
killing or destroying anything
left. This was called Total
War.
 After arriving in Georgia,
Sherman headed to South
Carolina.
 He called it “Total War”
Victory in the North
 Lincoln spoke of healing
between North and South in
2nd Inaugural Speech.
 Meanwhile Grant was still
trying t gain control of
Petersburg.
 On April 2, 1865 Petersburg
fell, and Richmond fell on the
same day.
Surrender at Appomattox
Lee tried to moved west of Richmond to meet
up with small confederate forces but was
blocked.
On April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders his troops to
Grant at Appomattox Court house in Virginia.
Several days later confederate forces in South
Carolina surrender to Sherman.
Jefferson Davis was captured on May 10,
1865.
The Surrender of Appomattox
The Confederate Flags
Flag Fad and Dixiecrats
 The United Confederate Veterans (UCV) work from 1870s to
1948 to protect the meaning and importance of the confederate
flag
 In 1948 the “Dixiecrat” party was an off shoot of the Democratic
Party
 The Dixiecrats disagreed with the parties decision to adopt Civil
Rights to their platform
 They used the Confederate battle flag to protest Civil Rights and
in support of Jim Crow segregation laws
 This was called the “flag fad”
The flag’s meaning
 Confederate Heritage
organizations tried to separate
the flag from this new meaning
and preserve the dignity
 They wanted it to retain its
meaning to memorialize the
fallen soldiers but it became
“confetti in careless hands”
 This attempt to protect the
flag, over time turned into
protecting the right to wear it
and display it in the exact way
that had been considered
desecration