Transcript Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863

Tuesday
 How
did the union execute the
“anaconda plan,” win the war, and lose
their president?
 Today
we will:
 Notes, start Gettysburg Address rewrite,
notes, clips, NC Final exam practice.
Gettysburg: July 1-3,
1863

https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=7ALyq3seK2g
 July 1
 U: George Meade
 On defensive
 C: RE Lee
 Fighting attracts
reinforcements &
Confederates take the
town
 Lee knows they need the
high ground




July 2
90,000 Union / 70,000 Confederates
Lee orders attack on Cemetery
Ridge
Union position at Little Round Top
undefended
 Saved by Chamberlain (U) &
prevents Confederate artillery
attacks
Union held lines





July 3
Lee confident of victory
2 hours of continuous firing
Lee ordered Gen. Longstreet to
move on
Pickett’s Charge: Failed
Confederate attack on center of
Union line


75% men died
Union artillery started again

Meade does not pursue Lee as he
retreats

Union victory
Results of
Gettysburg

Turning point of war

30% of total men lost
 23,000 Union
 28,000 Confederate

Lincoln fires Meade

Lee’s worst defeat

Lee would never invade
North again
Vicksburg: July 3, 1863

Grant ordered destruction of
rail lines to distract South
away from port city

Mississippi

U: Grant
Confederate soldiers asking
to give up (no food)


Union victory: control
Mississippi River

Divide Confederacy
Gettysburg Address: 11/1863
Gettysburg Address Video
Dedication of battlefield
“…The world will little note, not long remember what
we say here, but it can never forget what they did
here...
Gettysburg Address
"Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this
continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to
the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are
engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any
nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. We
are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to
dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those
who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is
altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But in a
larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we
cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead who
struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to
add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what
we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for
us the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work
which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It
is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining
before us--that from these honored dead we take increased
devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure
of devotion--that we here highly resolve that these dead shall
not have died in vain, that this nation under God shall have a
new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by
the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth."
Ulysses S. Grant

Given command of entire
Union force in March 1864

Answerable only to President
Lincoln!!


Shhhh…he never intended on
graduating from West Point!
Used attrition
 South would run out of
men 1st

South thought about
arming slaves

Believed in Unconditional
Surrender


No negotiations; immediate
“Unconditional Surrender”
Grant
William Tecumseh Sherman
“Boys, this is old South Carolina. Let’s give her Hell!”
- Sherman to troops when entering SC

Union general who introduced
modern warfare

Total War: Destroy everything

Attack civilian targets, not
civilians
“You cannot judge war in harsher terms
than I will. War is cruelty and you cannot
refine it, and those who brought war into
our country deserve all the curses and
maledictions a people can pour out.”
- Sherman regarding the expulsion of civilians from
Atlanta
March to Sea: 1864-65




Up GA coast
Destroyed South, crushed
morale
25,000 slaves
Destroyed SC


where treason started
Gave food & supplies to
NC

Did not destroy Wilmington

Northern Victory

“Total War”
Sherman's March to Sea
Destruction of Atlanta
Portrayed in the movie Gone
with the Wind - Video
Election of 1864

Lincoln’s popularity slumping


Lincoln wins, despite negative
appeals


Hid facts of Battle of Cold
Harbor
Andrew Johnson: V.P.


Length of war, # dead
Southerner!!
Lincoln working on a plan to
reunite the nation after the
war, but he will never live to
see it set into motion
“…but one of them would rather make
war than let the nation survive, and the
other would accept war than let it
[Union] perish, and the war came.”
Abraham Lincoln, 2nd Inaugural Address
3/4/1865
Battle of Ft. Fisher
Dec. 1864 & Jan. 1865

Ft. Fisher was the last
remaining port open to
blockade runners in NC


It was the last major port
supplying Robert E. Lee’s
army & all other Confederate
troops inland
The December invasion failed
as the Union determined the
fort was too well protected

It was nicknamed the Gibraltar
of the South

On Jan. 15, 1865, Union troops
overran the fort & the
Confederates evacuated all
remained forts around
Wilmington

Union Victory
Results of Ft.
Fisher
Left the port city
of Wilmington
vulnerable to Union
attack

Wilmington fell
within weeks

The Burning of Richmond



Sherman & Grant marching
to Richmond
Davis flees & sets city on fire
Richmond falls 1865


Last of the Anaconda Plan
to be achieved
http://www.history.com/topi
cs/american-civilwar/american-civil-warhistory/videos/lincoln-thefall-of-richmond
Appomattox Courthouse
April 5, 1865
 Lee
surrenders to
Grant
 Within
1 month, all
remaining
Confederate
resistance collapsed
Robert E. Lee’s Farewell
Address
Headquarters, Army of Northern Virginia, 10th April 1865. General Order No. 9 After four
years of arduous service marked by unsurpassed courage and fortitude, the Army of Northern
Virginia has been compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers and resources.
I need not tell the survivors of so many hard fought battles, who have remained steadfast to the
last, that I have consented to the result from no distrust of them.
But feeling that valour and devotion could accomplish nothing that could compensate for the
loss that must have attended the continuance of the contest, I have determined to avoid the
useless sacrifice of those whose past services have endeared them to their countrymen.
By the terms of the agreement, officers and men can return to their homes and remain until
exchanged. You will take with you the satisfaction that proceeds from the consciousness of
duty faithfully performed, and I earnestly pray that a merciful God will extend to you his blessing
and protection.
With an unceasing admiration of your constancy and devotion to your Country, and a grateful
remembrance of your kind and generous consideration for myself, I bid you an affectionate
farewell.
— R. E. Lee, General, General Order No. 9
1.
According to his speech, why did Robert E. Lee surrender?
Ford’s Theatre 4/14/1865
Lincoln to watch
“Our American
Cousin”
 John Wilkes Booth
assassinates Lincoln
 5 days after
Appomattox
 Dies next morning
 Booth found next
day & killed

The Assassin:
John Wilkes Booth
The Assassination
The Execution
Conclusion

The Civil War caused brother to fight brother, family to
fight family & a nation to fight itself

The primary question is how to readmit southern states
back into the Union

Remember, that was the original purpose of the war

April of 1865 was a very dangerous month, as the war
could have started up again

For decades after the war, we will rebuild our nation &
community
The War in 5 minutes
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBr3
QeVPv2M