Transcript Antebellum America 9-3-13

EVENTS LEADING UP
TO THE CIVIL WAR
Regional issues create differencesSectionalism
 NORTH – URBAN –increase in city
population (immigrants moved to the cities
=jobs )
 Economies differed:
 Northeast – Industrial Revolution
 Economy focused on shipbuilding and foreign trade so
embraced new forms of manufacturing
THE SOUTHERN ECONOMY
1. Agrarian Society
2. “Cotton Is King!”
1860 – 57% of US exports (5
million Bales exported per year)
Cotton becomes king of the south
which expanded slavery –
increased from 700,000 (1790) to
1.5 million in 1820 (many had
expected slavery to die out until the
cotton gin was invented.
ELI WHITNEY
 He revolutionized cotton and
slavery (many had expected
slavery to die out until the
cotton production
increased=demand for labor)
 Whitney – interchangeable
parts which paved the way
for mass production= market
economy
 Who else used mass
production?
 1787 Northwest Ordinance said all
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states north of the Ohio river would be
free of slavery. This law did not solve
the problem of slavery .
1819 – Missouri wanted to enter
statehood as a slave state. ( By this
time their was an even number of free
and slave states. )
Slavery became a national issue
Congress was deadlocked.
Then in 1820 Maine wanted to join the
Union as a free state.
Missouri Compromise – Missouri
enters as a slave state and Maine
enters as a free state. Line 36 North –
slavery would be banned. South of
this line – slavery is permitted.
THIS PLEASED NO ONE!
MAP ACTIVITY
 I have favored this Missouri compromise,
believing it to be all that could be effected
[accomplished] under the present Constitution,
and from extreme unwillingness to put the Union
at hazard [risk] . . . If the Union must be
dissolved, slavery is precisely the question on
which it ought to break. For the present
however, the contest is laid asleep.
 —John Quincy Adams, 1820
Age of Jackson
Election of 1824
 Second election that is decided in the
House of Representatives!
 John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts
 Andrew Jackson of Tennessee
 William Crawford of Georgia
 Henry Clay of Kentucky
 All 4 men ran as Republicans because
there was not a multitude of political
parties
 Even though Andrew Jackson received the
most POPULAR vote, no man received a
majority of the ELECTORAL vote.
 The Constitution states of the three
highest electoral vote getters, the House
of Representatives must choose the
winner
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Andrew Jackson
 Henry Clay (who also
ran for President) was
John Quincy Adams
the
Speaker
of
the
William Crawford – suffers a stroke - out
House and was able
Henry Clay – lowest votes to
– out
manipulate the
choice. He despised
Andrew Jackson….
 So ADAMS WINS!
 Several days later Henry Clay was chosen
Secretary of State.
 Many Jacksonians felt that a deal was made
between Clay and Adams (never proven)
Despite corruption charges the system continues…
John
Quincy
Adams
1825-1829
The only President to
become a member of
the House of
Representatives after
being President.
(slept a lot!)
ELECTION OF ANDREW
JACKSON
 1824 – Jackson lost to J. Q Adams
 1828 – Jackson beat Adams
 Jackson –champion of common people – “Old
Hickory”
 Gave many jobs to friends
 Spoils system
Election of 1828
 Political fighting
 Jackson accused Adams of being a pimp
and taking large payments from the
federal government
 Adams accused Rachel Jackson of being
adulterous and a bigamist and Jackson’s
mother as a prostitute
Indian removal Act
 1830- Congress and
Jackson passed this law
which forced Native
Americans to move.
Govt. paid for the move
 1832 –Cherokee took it to
court and Supreme Court
sided with Cherokees but
Jackson refused to abide
by it.
 Jackson said "John Marshall (Supreme
Court) has made his decision; let him
enforce it now if he can.“
 Andrew Jackson didn’t plan to enforce the
Supreme Court’s ruling to allow the
Cherokee to stay where they were!
 The President’s job is to enforce the law!!
He didn’t do it.
TRAIL OF TEARS
 1838 Cherokee were
rounded up and sent
in groups of a 1000
on the 800 mile
journey on foot. More
than ¼ of their people
died
Spoils System
 Fear that a mob would take over DC and
the White House in 1828
 Many people did flood into the White
House after the Inauguration
 Jackson believed that “every man is as
good as his neighbor”
 One man was given the job of customs
collector of New York port – left the
country with $1 million
Tariff of 1828
 Tariffs are taxes placed on goods sold to
others (protectionism)
 If we put a tariff on our goods, other
countries will do the same with theirs
 The north was in favor of the tariff to
protect their manufacturing goods
 The south was against a tariff because it
made it expensive for them
 Southerners called it the TARIFF OF
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ABOMINATIONS
South Carolina led the way in protest
Fear that the government would also
regulate slavery
National government versus states’ rights
The South Carolina Exposition was written
by VP John C. Calhoun
Denounced the tariff as unconstitutional
 Stated that the states should declare the
tariff “null and void”
SHOWDOWN!
 Between Jackson and the South
Carolinians
 Tariff of 1832 lowered the rates a little
 South Carolina legislature voted to declare
the tariff “null and void” and threatened to
take South Carolina out of the union if
customs duties were collected
 Jackson quietly started raising troops and
verbally warned South Carolina
 Henry Clay – Compromise Tariff of 1833 –
lowered rates over a period of 8 years
 Force Bill – authorized the President to
use the army and navy, if necessary to
collect federal tariff duties
The Bank War
 The depository for the funds of the
Washington Government and controlled
the nation’s gold and silver
 Private institution
 Bank President Nicholas Biddle
 Many westerners hated the bank due to
foreclosures
 The bank was due to expire in 1836.
 Clay pushed to renew it in 1832 as part of
his Presidential campaign
 JACKSON VETOED THE BANK!
 “The bank is trying to kill me, but I will kill
it”
1832 Clay vs. Jackson
 Jackson beat Clay with a lopsided
electoral victory
Nullification and the Bank Wars
 Read in Chapter about this and answer the
following questions in your notes.
 1. What was the Tariff of Abominations?
 2. Why did Calhoun and the South see the Tariff
of 1828 as such an abomination and raise
threats over nullification over it?
 3. How did Jackson’s bank war demonstrate the
powerful uses to which the modern mass
democratic political machine could be put? Was
Biddle’s Bank a real threat to the economic
welfare of the ordinary citizens to whom Jackson
appealed?
WHIG PARTY
 A new party emerges
from opponents of
Jackson
 Whigs – claimed
conservatism,
progressive, and
welcomed market
economy
 ELECTION of 1836
 VP –(Democrats)
Martin Van Buren
wins
MARTIN VAN BURENHIGHLIGHTS
 Panic of 1837 –
 Left over from
Jackson’s bank wars –
banks stopped
accepting paper
currency
 Banks collapsedbankrupting hundreds
of businesses which
put people out of work
ELECTION OF 1840
 Whig candidate
William Harrison
defeated Van Buren
 Only in office a
month-died from
pneumonia which he
caught giving his
inauguration address