Transcript Chapter 20
Chapter 20 Notes Mrs. Marshall Europeans powers favored a civil war in the US because it would weaken the US’s power in the Western Hemisphere. Lincoln decided to send food and medical supplies to Ft. Sumter. P.T. Beauregard led attack on Ft. Sumter which began the Civil War. April 12, 1861 Gen. Anderson’s garrison was forced to surrender. Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers for 3 months. Border States Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware and then West Virginia in 1863. Martial Law the system of rules that takes effect when the military takes control of the normal administration of justice. It reduces some of the personal rights usually granted to citizens. Advantages Border States gave the Union A large population A good supply of horses and mules Valuable manufacturing capacity Large navigable rivers South was fighting a defensive war. North was fighting an offensive war. Southern advantages when the war began: Fighting on land they were familiar with and a cause they dearly believed in Had the most talented military leaders Southerners were better trained soldiers The South’s greatest weakness was the economy. The North’s economy was their greatest strength. Why South thought Great Britain would come to their defense: the south supplied Britain with 75% of their cotton. Ruling class in Europe sympathized with the Confederates. Masses of working people in Britain and France supported the North. Why Britain did not help the South: Britain had large surpluses in their warehouses Britain obtained some cotton from confederate blockade runners Some Union soldiers seized cotton and shipped it to Britain Britain bought cotton from Egypt & India Britain needed wheat and corn from the North Trent Affair 2 confederate officials sailing on the British ship the Trent to England were seized by the US Navy. England demanded their release and threatened war. Lincoln ordered their release. Commerce Raiding a naval strategy of attacking an opponent’s commercial shipping rather than contending for command of the sea with its naval forces. Naval raiders for the Confederacy included the CSS Alabama, CSS Sumter, and CSS Florida. Most were built in Britain Emperor Napoleon III of France dispatched army to occupy Mexico City. Then made Maximilian emperor of Mexico. Violated Monroe Doctrine. Abandoned attempt when Civil War ended and US Sec. of State Seward threatened to use force to make France leave. Northern armed forces: At first it was by volunteers. In 1863 they passed a federal conscription act (draft). People of wealth avoided the draft by paying someone $300 to serve in their place. Southern Armed Forces: Relied on volunteers (would take anyone between ages of 17 and 50) They resorted to conscription in 1852. How did the North finance the war? Excise taxes on tobacco and alcohol Income tax Custom receipts (tariff) Printing of paper money Borrowing by the sale of bonds During the war the Union launched a new national banking system. This was the first significant step toward a unified banking network since 1836. (Replaced in 1913 by Federal Reserve) South had tremendous difficult financing the war. Blockade eliminated trade therefore eliminating custom duties Sold confederate bonds Increased taxes which was protested by Southern state’s righters Printed paper money Role of women in the Civil War: North Worked as clerks in government offices Worked in industries On both sides Helped raise money with bazaars and fundraisers Served as nurses in hospitals