Transcript Civil War12 - LarsonAmericanHistory

The American Civil War
Causes
1. States Rights – how much control over states should
the Federal Government have?
► 2. Slavery – Federal Government was increasingly
restrictive towards the expansion of slavery
► 3. Territorial Expansion – what was the direction of the
state?
► 4. Economic Issues - Tariffs pitted Industry vs. farmers
► 5. Nullification Controversy – South Carolina placed in
their constitution the ability to nullify bad laws.
► 6. Southern response to anti-slavery – the South was
defending slavery like a badge
► 7. The Election of 1860 – Southern states said they
would leave if Abraham Lincoln was elected. He won, they
left.
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Continued
8. Political factors – The confederacy considered their
home state their “country.” The Union was considered a
voluntary compact.
► 9. Sectional differences- again, the need for industrial
or agricultural needs dominated political agendas.
► 10. Through the early stages of America, both sides
developed divergent lifestyles.
► 11. The Union needed a strong central government for
the infrastructure for industry
► 12. The Confederacy felt a strong federal government was
not needed and that a strong government could
interfere with slavery.
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Secession
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South Carolina was the first state to leave the Union.
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas would
eventually secede as well.
They formed the Confederate States of America.
Each state was sovereign and independent, and slavery was
guaranteed in the constitution.
Jefferson Davis was elected President of the Confederacy.
Attempts at Compromise with Slavery
Senator
Crittenden’s
Positions
What
They
Shared
President Lincoln’s
Positions
What
They
Shared
Secessionists
Positions
Civil War Advantages
► Union
Advantages
► Confederate
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Advantages
The Union Dissolves
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The Fall of Fort Sumter – this federal fort
was in Charleston S.C.
This placed Lincoln in a tough situation –
he feared losing more states.
Throughout the war, Lincoln faced a
difficult balancing act to keep slave states
from leaving the Union.
Northern Advantages:
1. Population. 2. Industry 3. Economic
factors. 4. Railroads 5. The Navy stayed
with the North.
Southern Advantages :
1. Fight a Defensive War (just outlast the
North) 2. Military Leadership 3. Potential
for Foreign assistance.
* If the Confederacy could just hang on
long enough, the North would lose interest
The Struggle Begins
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1st Battle of Bull Run.
Also known as Manassas. Lincoln
ordered 35,000 troops to this sight.
Gen Scott didn’t feel the Union was
ready.
Led by “Stonewall” Jackson, this was a
Confederate Victory.
1. This damaged the Union Psyche
2. Inflated Confederate confidence.
3. Made everyone realize that this
would be a longer conflict that
everyone realized.
-Robert E. Lee would head
Confederate forces.
George McClellan would head the
Union force.
The North and South Face Off
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Strategies: North
► Anaconda Plan
1. Capture Richmond, Va
2. Control Mississippi Riv.
3. Blockade of Southern Coast
(Naval)
Eastern Theater – East of
Appalachian Mnts.
Western Theater – Appl, to the
Mississippi River
Confederacy:
1. Capture Washington
2. Invade the North
3. Seek Foreign assistance
4. Just hang on
Let’s get Started
►You
are a soldier in the Union
Army. The war has been going
on for three years, with no end
in sight. How do you get
through each day?
Fighting the War
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Through 1862 the Confederacy won
most of the Battles
Shiloh – heavy losses, Ulysses S.
Grant won this battle and dealt a
huge blow to the Confederacy.
New Orleans – allowed the Union to
gain control of the Mississippi
Yorktown, Seven Pines, 7 days
campaign – demonstrated to Lincoln
that McClellan was inept for the job.
John Pope took over for McClellan in
the 2nd Battle of Bull Run. McClellan
replace Pope following this loss.
Many now wondered if the war was
worth it – bad for Lincoln.
Antietam – worst single losses in U.S.
history. 25,000 lost. The Rebels
were allowed to escape. McClellan
was removed again.
Emancipation Proclamation
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Following Antietam, Lincoln had the victory that he needed
The Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves in Confederate states
only – it was a war strategy.
If he did this before a major win, it would look like he was desperate.
It also marks the change in major goals for the Union.
Continued
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Ambrose Burnside replaced
McClellan
Fredericksburg – 114,000 Union
troops lost to a smaller Conf.
army- horrible losses
Burnside was replaced by Gen.
Joseph Hooker
Chancellorsville – Hooker took
an army of 134,000 and lost.
Gettysburg – The single most
important battle in American
history – a Union victory.
Nearly 45,000 were lost
Gettysburg Address – Lincoln
gave the greatest of American
speeches on the importance of
Democracy.
Hooker would be replaced by
Ulysses Grant
Draft Riots
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In 1863 Lincoln called for state Govs. To draft men into
state militias. In New York, 1000 would be killed or
wounded.
The South actually started the first Draft in 1862, they
called it Conscription.
Gettysburg- July
st
rd
1 -3 ,
1863
The Final Phase
Grant understood that the war had to become a War of
Attrition – make war against your enemy's ability to fight a
war.
► Gen William T. Sherman – “The march to the sea.” He
would destroy everything in his path. Atlanta would fall in
September of 1864. Once finished, Sherman would turn
north.
► Surrender at Appomattox. Gen. Lee fought to the end, but
was forced to surrender most of the Confederate army to
Grant.
► There were acts of kindness here.
► Grant understood the idea of “not kicking a dead horse.”
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Cost of the War
► This
was the deadliest war in American
History.
► 2.5 million would serve in the armies.
► 650,000 died or were wounded.
► Incalculable in terms of money
► Scars from this conflict would take
generations to heal.