Transcript The Union Takes Hold - Ms. Costas` History Class

Agenda
• Do Now
• “The Union Takes Hold” Notes
• Crash Course: Reconstruction Video
• Homework:
• Ch. 4 Vocabulary Quiz on Friday
• Read Chapter 4 Section 4 “Reconstruction and
Its Effects” (pgs. 184 – 189) and Outline the
section
DO NOW:
•Do you think the United
States should have a system
of conscription or a draft for
dire circumstances? Why or
why not?
The Union Takes
Hold
September 29, 2014
Ms. Costas
Emancipation Proclamation
• Confederacy struggles to gain foreign recognition
• Lincoln does not feel he has Constitutional
power to abolish slavery
• He finds a way to use his powers to abolish slavery
• Orders the Union army to take Confederate supplies
• Orders Union army to emancipate slaves
• Used as a weapon of war
• Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation
on January 1, 1863
• Now gives the war a moral purpose
• Recognizes negotiation is no longer possible
from
THE EMANCIPATION PROCLIMATION
- Abraham Lincoln
“I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within these said
designated States and parts of States are, and henceforward shall be
free; and that the Executive Government of the United States, including
the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain
the freedom of said persons.
And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free to abstain from
all violence, unless in necessary self-defense; and I recommend to them,
that in all cases, when allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable
wages.
And I further declare and make known that such persons of suitable
condition will be received into the armed service of the United States to
garrison forts, positions, stations, and other places, and to man vessels
of all sorts in said service.
And, upon this, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the
Constitution, upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment
of mankind and the gracious favor of Almighty God.”
America During Wartime
• Large numbers of casualties led to conscription
• Caused draft riots and violence
• African-Americans could fight in the Union army
• Made up 10% vs. 1% of the population
• Suffered discrimination
• War was not glamorous
• Poor conditions, unhealthy diet, improper medical care
• Women’s roles increase
• Economy is impacted
• Expands northern economy
• Shatters southern economy
• Leads to first collection of income tax
The Battle of Gettysburg
• Lee’s army pushed north into
Pennsylvania
• Needed supplies
• Began on July 1, 1863
• Lee led Confederates (75,000)
• Buford led Union (90,000)
• Lee hopes to gain recognition from
foreign powers
• Union holds off Confederacy
• Lee retreats to Virginia
• Confederate defeat changes the
tide of the war
THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESS
– Abraham Lincoln
“Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a
new nation, conceived in Liberty and dedication to the proposition that all
men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any
nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a
great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that
field, as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives and that that
nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in larger sense, we can not dedicate – we can not consecrate – we can not
hallow – this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here,
have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world
will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget
what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the
unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly
advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining
before us – that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that
cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion – that we were
highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain – that this nation,
under God, shall have a new birth of freedom – and that government of the
people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”
Battle of Vicksburg
• Important territory
• Allowed Confederates to control water traffic on the
Mississippi
• Union led by Ulysses S. Grant
• He had been trying to take Vicksburg for months
• In 18 days the Union had sacked the capital
• Confederacy was short on resources
• Surrendered on July 4th
The Confederacy Wears Down
• Confederacy is short on supplies and manpower
• Lincoln appoints has two able generals
• Ulysses S. Grant
• William T. Sherman
• Belief in total war
• Sherman’s march through Georgia
• Goal was to convince southerners to demand surrender
• Lincoln reelected in 1864
• Confederates surrender at Appomattox Court House
• Grant and Lee come to an agreement
• Lincoln allows for fair treatment of the Confederate troops
The War’s Impact on the Nation
• War has tremendous political, economic, technological, and social
affects
• Transforms power of the government
• Gives federal government more power to pass laws and collect taxes
• Widens the economic gap between north and south
• Northern economy booms (industrial)
• Southern economy crashes (agricultural)
• Many technological improvements
• Weaponry
• Rifle and Minie ball
• Hand grenades and land mines
• Ironclad ships
• Railroads
• Telegraph
Weaponry
Ironclad
Ships
Railroads
Telegraph
The War’s Impact on Society
• Emancipation Proclamation
• Frees slaves in the Confederacy
• What to do about border states
• Lincoln passes Thirteenth Amendment
• “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as
a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have
been duly convicted, shall exist within the United
States”
• Lincoln is assassinated
• Shot on April 14, 1865 at Ford’s Theater
• John Wilkes Booth
Where the Nation Stands…
• War is over
• Slavery abolished
• Secession no longer a threat
• Two major problems
• How to restore southern states
• Physically a mess
• Economy destroyed
• How to integrate 4 million African Americans
• Rights protected under the Constitution
• Jobs?