Transcript THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR

Slide
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1861-1865
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Johhnny Rebs, Copperheads
Federal troops, Yankees
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Secession means to leave a union.
When the South secedes, the North
declares war to bring the South back
Into the Union.
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North vs. South in 1861
North
South
Advantages
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Disadvantages
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- population - 22 million (3X the South)
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- Industries could make far more weapons
- efficient railroad system
- controlled the navy, which was used to
blockade ships coming in to the South. This
disrupted the South’s ability to make money.
Ulysses S. Grant became the main general and his
Strategy was to cut the South off at the Mississippi
River so they couldn’t communicate with
Their whole army.
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Confederates had excellent generals too Robert E. Lee was the best probably ever
Home advantage
Farmers fight better than factory workers
Their strategy was to wear down the North and
 outlast them in the fight. They thought the North would
give up and lose interest in keeping them
 in the Union.
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Slide 9
Robert E. Lee
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He named his horse
Traveller.
He said, “I don’t see
how we could have an
army without music.”
Lee owned a pet hen.
The hen went with him
everywhere. At
Gettysburg, he had his
Generals help him find
his lost hen.
Picture Credit: www.guyartgallery.com/ civil%20war%20gallery.htm
Slide 10
Rating the North & the South
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The South was looking to have Great Britain help
them in the war (since GB industry was
dependent on "King Cotton")...but GB did not
want to become involved:
 GB had stockpiled cotton as the conflict was
escalating; they had also found other sources
(Madras, India)
 Most British workers who lost their jobs in
cotton factories had been able to find work in
the new weapons factories that were mostly
being sold to the North
 Most British citizens hated slavery
 British crop failures had led to increased grain
trade w/ the North
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Ulysses S. Grant
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Grant was the
commander of the
Union (North) army in
the Civil War.
He was in the war
with Mexico.
He went to college at
West Point like Robert
E. Lee.
Becomes President
later
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First Battle was at Bull Run:
Picnicking at the Battle Ground
People carried picnic baskets and champagne
Brought binoculars to view the action more closely
Believed the battle would not last long
No doubt that the Northern army would easily overpower
the Rebels
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Overview
of
the North’s
Civil War
Strategy:
“Anaconda”
Plan:
Split the Confederate off
at the Mississippi River
Slide 15
Buy Your Way Out of Military
Service
Copnscription meant that
A young man could buy his way
Out of serving in the military
If their family owned 20 slaves or
If they paid $300
This made people say:
The Civil War was a Rich Man’s
War but a Poor Man’s fight.”
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Battle of Antietam
“Bloodiest Single Day of the War”
September 17, 1862
23,000 casualties
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Antietam
The Battle took place in
Farmer Miller’s cornfield.
The battle is known as the
Single bloodiest day in the
Civil War.
23,500 men were killed in
the Bloody lane.
The name of the bridge
where the confederates held
the Yankees for 4 hours is
called, Burnside.
The south used rocks when
they ran out of ammunition.
South won the battle.
Picture Credit: www.trubador.com/bridge.htm
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Lincoln proclaims
that slaves are free
in the South.
 It did not free
slaves in border
states because
Lincoln said he
Did not have the
authority, but really he
was trying to get the
border states to
Join him in the fight
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The
Emancipation
Proclamation
Emancipation in 1863
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Robert E. Lee realizes his side (South) was in real trouble of losing the
war and he decided that it was important to attack the North on its own
territory
July 1-3, 1863 - BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG, PA
Confed. bombardment; Union held firm
on July 3, General Pickett led 15,000 Confed. Troops across open fields Union mowed them down (= "Pickett’s Charge")
Lee was defeated and retreated to Virgnia
Gettysburg is the largest battle in the history of the USA
Over 100, 000 people died in 3 days It was the last time the South
invaded the North.
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…”that from these honored dead
we take increased devotion to
that cause for which they gave the
last full measure of devotion -that we here highly resolve that
these dead shall not have died in
vain -- that this nation, under
God, shall have a new birth of
freedom -- and that government
of the people, by the people, for
the people, shall not perish from
the earth”.
Abe Lincoln
Slide 22
During the Gettysburg
Address, Lincoln spoke of “the
great task remaining before
us.”
During the Gettysburg address
Lincoln
Was honoring those that died and
Inspiring those still fighting
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The Battle at
Vicksburg
Was a victory for
The North and cut
The Mississippi
River in half so
the South couldn’t
communicate
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July 4, 1863 - another Union victory - VICKSBURG
won by U.S. Grant, cut South in 1/2 and gave the
Union control of Mississippi River
Grant was then given control of all Union armies 
began a "scorched earth" policy to defeat the South
General Sheridan decimated Va.'s Shenandoah
Valley
General Sherman given task of taking Atlanta; his
"March through Georgia" saw total destruction
from Atlanta to Savannah
Slide 26
After the Emancipation
Proclamation blacks
began to join the
Union Army
 Initially they were only
used for manual labor
 Eventually, Blacks saw
live combat
 54th regiment out of
Massachusetts
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William Carney
The Famous 54th Massachusetts
Slide 27
Black Troops Freeing Slaves
African-Americans
in Civil War Battles
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Surrender at Appomattox
April 9, 1865
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April 3, 1865 - Grant took Richmond Va. - final
blow to Lee's army
Lee surrenders on April 9, 1865 at
APPOMATTOX COURTHOUSE
All Confed. troops forced to take an oath of
loyalty to U.S.
otherwise, terms of surrender were lenient
Lincoln didn't want a humiliated South and
further conflict
issue of states' rights now "solved"- fed. gov't
had asserted its status
Belle Boyd
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She was a
Southern spy that
told Jackson that
the Yankees were
at Front Royal.
Women mostly kept
the homefront jobs
going while men
were away
Picture Credit: www.civilwarhome.com/ boydbio.htm
After four bloody years of civil war,
the South was defeated.
Over 618,000 military deaths during Civil War.
Gettysburg Casualties
Civil War Casualties
in Comparison to Other Wars