Transcript Chapter 19 The Civil War

19.5 The Tide of the War Turns
• Why was Gen.
Stonewall Jackson
not at Gettysburg?
– May 1863,
• Gen. Lee defeated a
much larger Union force
in Chancellorsville,
Virginia.
– Lee’s most trusted
General, Stonewall
Jackson, was
accidentally shot by his
own troops.
Why does Gettysburg happen?
• The South led by General
Lee won a few victories in
early 1863
– Chancellorsville, Va
– Fredericksburg, Va
• This encouraged Lee to launch
another offensive into Union
territory.
• Goals:
– Break the North’s will to fight
– To capture much needed
supplies for his army
Battle of Gettysburg
• The Battle began on July 1, 1863
– Battle would last 3 days!
• Confederate Army
– Led by Gen. Lee
• 75,000 men and cavalry
• Union Army
– Led by Gen. George G. Meade
• 100,000 men and cavalry
Day 1 and Day 2
• Day 1
– Ends with Confederate
army declaring small
victory
• Had been able to push
Union army to south side
of town
– Called Cemetery Ridge
• Day 2
– Ends in a stalemate
• Union holds the high
ground
– Lots of casualties!!
Day 3
• Gen. Lee had a plan to
break the Union army
– 3 way attack led by huge
infantry attack
• Led by George Pickett
– Called Pickett’s charge
– If it works, the war will
end with the
Confederacy the victor!
– How do you think it
goes?
Pickett’s Charge
• 14,000 Confederates charged through the open
field up Cemetery Ridge.
– Union army had cannons and defended men behind
stone walls.
• The attack was a disaster.
– ½ the men die on the way across the field.
– All of those who made it to the ridge were either
captured of killed.
• Gen. Lee’s army is finally defeated…
– He retreats back into Virginia on July 4, 1863
Gettysburg’s Address
• Nov. 19, 1863
– Pres. Lincoln traveled
to Gettysburg to honor
the soldiers who would
be buried there.
– Gave a speech where
he reminded America
that
• “these dead shall not
have died in vain”
The War Turns in Favor of the
Union
• July 4, 1863
– Gettysburg was won
by the Union
– General Grant
Captured Vicksburg in
Mississippi.
– Importance?
• Lincoln was impressed
by Gen. Grant; made
him commander of the
Union army.
– Fired Gen. Meade for
not destroying Gen. Lee
Grant’s Drive to Richmond
• The Wilderness
Campaign
– Series of battles launched
by the North from May
through June in northern
and central Virginia.
• Goal:
– Capture Richmond,
Va!
– However,
• Gen. Grant has a
secret weapon.
Sherman’s March to the Sea
• 1864
– Lincoln needed a military victory to
help him win re-election in 1864.
• Specifically deep in the South!
• Gen. William T. Sherman
– Given orders to march southeast
from Tennessee to Georgia
– Destroy everything!
• Called Total War
– Destroy all
» Railroads
» Industries
» farms
» homes
» Crops
» Livestock
Richmond, VA
Before Gen. Sherman
Richmond,VA
After Gen. Sherman
The South Surrenders
• April 9, 1865
– Gen. Lee has finally
been captured by Gen.
Grant’s army
• Decides to surrender his
army instead of having
more of his men killed
• Appomattox Courthouse
– Place where Gen. Lee
signs the surrender of
his army to Gen. Grant
Losses of the Civil War
• 620,000 Americans
dead.
– More than all other
military conflicts
combined:
•
•
•
•
•
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•
American Revolution
War of 1812
WWI
WWII
Vietnam
Korea
Persian Gulf
War in Iraq
The President Decides to
Celebrate
• April 14, 1865
– Pres. Lincoln decides
to walk to the theatre
to see a show
• Called “Our American
Cousin”
– Held at Ford’s
Theatre
» About 6 blocks
from the White
House.
Ford’s Theatre, 1865
Ford’s Theatre, today
Booth Pres. Lincoln Sat In.
Lincoln’s Booth, today
Lincoln’s Assassination
• April 14, 1865
– John Wilkes Booth
• fatally shoots Pres.
Lincoln at a play at
Ford’s Theatre in
Washington D.C
• Pres. Lincoln is rushed
across the street to a
house.
– Doctors called in but
it’s too late…
» Dies the next
day.
Lincoln’s Death Bed
Pres. Lincoln Travels America
one last Time…
• VP Andrew Johnson
becomes 17th POTUS
– Job?
• Reconstruct the USA!
• Abraham Lincoln’s
body is taken by train
to his resting home of
Springfield, Illinois
– Train brought him
through CVNP!