Transcript The Battle of Vicksburg

The Battle of Vicksburg
The turning point of
the US Civil War
By Krysta McDaniel
GEOGRAPHY
• Where the battle of Vicksburg was located:
- Warren County, Mississippi. Northwest of New
Orleans on the Mississippi and Yazoo rivers.
West of the capital, Jackson.
(Directly in the middle of the Confed)
• Where the Battles of Champion Hill and Big
Black were located:
- Hinds County, Mississippi
KEY LEADERS
- Lincoln (Union Pres)
- Davis (Confed Pres)
- Grant (Union major General)
- Pemberton (Confed major General)
PHASES
• Champions Hill –
The decision battle for Vicksburg started early in the morning on
Sat, May 16th, 1863. General Pemberton, the confed commander,
put his divisions along the ridge overlooking Jackson Creek. He
didn't know that there was an unprotected flank on Champion Hill
that was being pushed. Once they were aware, the Confed troops
were shifted to the left to try and protect the crossroads. The battle
started.
General Grant, with the union, ordered his men to move forward on
Jackson Road. By noon, the feds has stormed in on the confeds
main line of resistance, the battle kept on. The Union drive captured
the crossroads and stopped the Jackson escape route. Although the
Confeds drove the Feds back and re-gained control, they faltered
and did not win. Confed resistance was shattered, and the Confed
army was ordered off the field.
• Big Black –
After their defeat from Champion Hill, the Confeds
retreated west and hit the Big Black River bridge. In
attempt to halt the union, brigades were ordered to block
the Union. The Union advanced toward them. The
Confeds were expecting them, and quickly made a line of
defense along the banks, using their knowledge of the
bridge.
Firing with canons began and the Confeds were
overwhelmed. They again retreated, Grant was quoted
saying "the assault was successful. But little resistance
was made. The enemy fled from the west bank of the
river, burning the bridge behind him and leaving the men
and guns on the east side to fall into our hands. Many
tried to escape by swimming the river. Some succeeded
and some were drowned in the attempt."
• Vicksburg –
On May 18th, 1963 - July 4, 1863
the Battle of Vicksburg was fought.
The Union General Grant and his and
his army crossed the Mississippi
River and drove the Confed army of
Pemberton into defensive lines
surrounding the fortress city of
Vicksburg, Mississippi. Grant
besieged the city until it surrendered
(47 days), which in turn yielded
command of the Mississippi River to
the Union. The western Confed was
now completely isolated from the
eastern Confed. With all of it's
connections to railroads and ports, so
long as it was held by the Union, the
free navigation of the river was
prevented. As it was a verily
significant port along the banks of the
Mississippi River, the Union army
was able to block the way through
which the Confederate troops
transported goods, supplies and even
human resources.
TECHNOLOGY
• Industrial Revolution fostered great changes
• The Union was more advanced that the Confed (made
greater and more effective use of progress in
transportation, military medicine, and field artillery)
• Both the North and the South made use of advances in
railroad and river transportation
• The submarine, the flame thrower, land mines,
grenades, observation balloons, iron hulled warships,
and repeating guns.
• Rifled musket (tripled the effective range of the
common soldier and could repetitively reload) and the
Minie Ball bullet
STRATEGIES
•
The Anaconda Plan was drawn up by
Winfield Scott to end the Civil War in
favor of the Union. The plan was
adopted in 1862, involving 4 main
parts:
1. Blockade the coast of the South to
prevent the export of cotton, tobacco,
and other cash crops from the South
and to keep them from importing much
needed war supplies.
2. Divide the South by controlling the
Mississippi River to cut the South off
from the west.
3. Divide the South by capturing the
Tennessee River Valley and marching
through Georgia to the coast.
4. Capture Richmond, Virginia, the capital
of the Confederate States of America.
AFTER
• With the loss of
Pemberton’s army
and this vital
stronghold on the
Mississippi, the
Confederacy was
effectively split in half.
• Where does my
Confed soldier,
James Crookshanks,
come into this?
- He fought at
Champion Hill, Big
Black, and died
during the siege of
Vicksburg.
Works cited
•
"Battle of Big Black River Bridge." Official Site: The Battle of Champion Hill
(May 16, 1863). Web. 20 Jan. 2010.
<http://www.battleofchampionhill.org/history/big-black.htm>.
•
"The Battle of Champion Hill." Official Site: The Battle of Champion Hill (May
16, 1863). Web. 20 Jan. 2010.
<http://www.battleofchampionhill.org/battle.htm>.
•
"Civil War and Industrial and Technological Advances | Americans at War:
1816-1900 Summary." BookRags.com: Book Summaries, Study Guides.
Web. 20 Jan. 2010.
<http://www.bookrags.com/research/civil-war-and-industrial-and-technoaaw-02/>.
•
"Technology in the Civil War." Emory Hackman. Web. 20 Jan. 2010.
<http://www.hackman-adams.com/guns/Technology.htm>.