Transcript Chapter 21: The Roaring Live of the 1920*s

Chapter 21: The Roaring Live of
the 1920’s
Final Terms
Changing Ways of Life 21.1
• Rural and Urban Differences
– The New Urban Scene: hustle and bustle of big cities
NY, Chicago, etc. Lure people for entertainment, jobs,
living, etc.
– The Prohibition Experiment: Manufacture, sale, and
transportation of alcoholic beverages made illegal
– Speakeasies and Bootleggers:
• Speakeasies – hidden saloons and nightclubs in penthouses,
cellars, office buildings, rooming houses, tenements,
hardware stores, and tearooms
• Bootleggers – smugglers carrying alcohol in the legs of boots
– Organized Crime:
• Al Capone – gangster whose bootlegging
empire netted over $60 million/year out of
Chicago.
Changing Ways of Life 21.1
• Science and Religion Clash
– American Fundamentalism: Protestant
movement grounded in literal, or
nonsymbolic, interpretation of the
Bible.
– The Scopes Trial “Monkey trail”: Crime
to teach evolution in schools.
• John T. Scopes biology teacher in Dayton
TN charged with crime.
• Clarence Darrow Lawyer who defended
Scopes.
• William Jennings Bryan Prosecuting
attorney.
• Result: Scopes found guilty and fined $100
• Pictured from R-L Darrow then Scopes
The Twenties Women 21.2
• Young Women Changed the Rules
– Flappers – an emancipated
young woman who embraced
new fashions:
• Close fitting felt hats, bright waistless dresses 1” above
the knees, skin-toned silk stockings (nylons), sleek
pumps, strings of beads, no more corsets (binding
bras), & clipping their hair short.
– Double Standard: granting more sexual freedom
to men than to women.
• Casual dating vs. courting only when marriage is in the
cards.
The Twenties Women 21.2
• Women shed old Roles at Home and Work
– New Work Opportunities
• Men return to work after WWI booting working women out, who
were expected to return to homes. However, women continue to
seek employment instead.
– Women Professions for College educated women: teachers, nurses,
Librarians
– Other jobs: Clerical – typists, filing clerks, secretaries, stenographers, and
office-machine operators.
– Changing Family
• Margaret Sanger opens first birth control clinic for women.
• Stores have ready made clothes for purchase.
• Inventions help house wives become main shoppers, money
managers, shift attention to homes, husbands, children, and Pasttimes (recreational activities).
• Women juggling work and family
– Day care centers
– rebellious adolescents – teens spend more time with each other and less
w/ family
Education and Popular Culture 21.3
• Schools and the Mass Media shape Culture
– School enrollments: Schools cater to college
bound students as well as providing trade training.
– Expanding News Coverage: increased literacy due
to schools results in mass media, increased
newspaper circulation, books, etc.
– Radio comes of age: for news, entertainment,
music.
Education and Popular Culture 21.3
• America Chases New Heroes and Old Dreams
– Lindbergh’s Flight: Charles A. Lindbergh – first
nonstop solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean.
– Entertainment and the Arts: fame given to music
composer George Gershwin when he blended
traditional elements w/ Jazz. 
– Writers of 21st Century –
• F. Scott Fitzgerald coins the term “Jazz Age” to describe
the 1920’s. 
• Ernest Hemingway became the best-known expatriate
(wounded in WWI) author, b/c he criticized
glorification of war.
The Harlem Renaissance 21.4
• African-American voices in the 1920’s
– The Move North: to big cities to find jobs
– Goals: National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People (NAACP) campaign to reduce
violence/lynching
– Marcus Garvey and the Unia: M.G. from Jamaica
believed that A-A should build their own Societies
– message of black pride.
The Harlem Renaissance 21.4
• The Harlem Renaissance Flowers in New York
• Literary and Artistic movement celebrating A-A Culture
– African-American (A-A) Writers:
Langston Hughes movement’s best
known writer/poet describes difficult
lives of working class A-A.
– A-A performers:
• Singing and acting careers begin Langston Hughes Louis Armstrong
– A-A and Jazz:
• Musician trumpet player Louis Armstrong joined Oliver’s group
known as Creole Jazz Band. He made personal expression a key part
of Jazz.
• Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington Jazz pianist and composer led
his 10 piece orchestra at the Cotton Club in NY.
• Bessie Smith was the outstanding female Blues singer of the decade.