Transcript Chapter 13 Changing ways of life… THE JAZZ AGE… THE

Chapter 13
Changing ways of life…
THE JAZZ AGE…
THE ROARING TWENTIES!
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Objectives:
• To describe and evaluate life in the 1920’s.
• To evaluate the role of prohibition in the
1920’s.
• To describe the Harlem Renaissance.
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• Small farm towns with conservative
moral values and close social
relationships gave way to the rise of
big, impersonal cities.
• In the 1920’s, NYC was the largest
city, with Chicago second. Life was fastpaced and much more into please seeking.
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• 18th Amendment – 1920, outlawed
the manufacture, sale, and
transportation of alcoholic
beverage.
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• The Volstead Act – set up bureau to
enforce prohibition, impossible and
expensive to enforce.
• Speakeasies opened, bootleggers
smuggled liquor, organized crime
widespread.
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Birth of Gangsters and Mafia
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Chicago – notorious for
Al Capone’s Gang.
• Known for St. Valentine’s Day Massacre
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• Prohibition repealed in 1933 by the
21st Amendment.
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• As a result of the changes: A
rise of American fundamentalism
(Protestant movement that
promotes “literal interpretation” of
the Bible).
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• Rejected the theory of “evolution”.
Revivals spread teachings and led to
movement to end teaching of evolution.
Turning Points – Scopes Monkey Trial
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• Mar. 1925 – Tennessee Scopes
Monkey Trial: American Civil
Liberties Union (ACLU) supported
John Scopes, a biology teacher
who taught evolution. He was
arrested and tried.
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ACLU lawyer, Clarence Darrow
Tenn. Lawyer, William Jennings Bryan
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• The war changed American
attitude about life ..a rebellious
pleasure seeking time in 20’s.
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• “flappers” – emancipated women who
embraced new independence and
equality.
• Women drank, smoked, talked openly
about sex, wore skirts above the knees,
bobbed their hair, etc.
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The “It” Girl!
• Zelda Sayre Fitzgerald
led the way.
• There still was a
double standard – set
of principles treating
men differently than
women.
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• Even though women lost their jobs
to men after the war, they
continued to seek employment.
• But discrimination in the workplace
was common.
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• Families changed too.
• Margaret Sanger, 1916, opened up the
first birth control clinic and fought to get
birth control information to women.
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• Teens rebelled against their
Parents in the 20’s.
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• Education changed – new Vocational
classes, classes to teach the new
immigrants English, etc.
More students went to school and taxes
supported them.
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• Mass media shaped mass culture.
• Magazines, newspapers and the
radio created a shared national
experience.
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Heroes of the 20’s:
• Babe Ruth
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• Gertrude Ederle – first woman
to swim the English Channel
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Helen Wills Moody
First famous
women’s tennis player
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“Rube” Foster
• Started Negro National League of
Baseball
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Charles Lindbergh
(Spirit of St. Louis)
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Fads:
1.crossword puzzles
2.flagpole sitting
3.mahjong
4.dance marathons
5.breaking records
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The Arts:
First major movie “The Jazz
Singer”
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• The First Motion Picture Cartoon –
“Steamboat Willie”
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George Gershwin, musical composer
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Georgia O’Keefe, artist
“Mother of American Modernism”
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• 1920’s one of the greatest periods
in American literature….
• Called the “Lost Generation” of
writing.
• Many disillusioned writers chose to live
in Europe, mainly Paris.
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1. Eugene O’Neill, playwright
2. Sinclair Lewis, first Am. writer to win
Nobel Prize for Literature, Babbitt
3. F. Scott Fitzgerald, writer of the “Jazz
Age”
4. Edith Wharton, The Age of Innocence
5. Willa Cather, My Antonia
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6. T.S. Eliot, poet, “The Waste Land”
7. Ernest Hemingway, best known writer,
opposed war, introduced simple style of
writing.
The Old Man and the Sea
A Farewell to Arms
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• Due to the Great Migration, blacks
inhabiting the cities began to
change their lives…
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• Harlem, in NYC, became the world’s
largest black community.
• Suffered from overcrowding, poverty,
unemployment.
• 1920’s - flowering of creativity that
became known as the “Harlem
Renaissance”
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• Well educated, middle class blacks led
the movement…
• Alain Locke - published works of
young black authors and first
African American Rhodes Scholar
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•Marcus Garvey - advanced program
to promote black businesses; “black
pride” resulted.
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• James Weldon Johnson - poet,
lawyer, NAACP leader (led the
fight to end lynching).
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Langston Hughes, poet
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Dreams
Hold fast to dreams
For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fly.
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Hold fast to dreams
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.
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• Claude McKay novelist, poet
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Zora Neale Hurston - novelist
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Leaders in Jazz/Blues Music:
1. Louis Armstrong
2. Duke Ellington
3. Cab Calloway (scat music)
4. Bessie Smith
• Savoy Ballroom
• Cotton Club
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