Transcript The Roaring Life of the 1920s

The Roaring Life of the
1920s
CH.13
1. Prohibition
Time period in which the manufacture, sale,
and transportation of alcoholic beverages
was illegal
◦ 1920-1933
◦ 18th Amendment-21st Amendment
2. speakeasy
Hidden saloon or nightclub that required a password to be admitted
3. Bootlegger
Alcohol smuggler; seen as heroes
4. fundamentalism
Protestant Christian movement grounded in
a literal, or non symbolic, interpretation of
the Bible
5. Clarence Darrow
Famous trial lawyer hired by the ACLU
(American Civil Liberties Union) to
defend John Scopes
6. Scopes Trial
Trial of teacher John Scopes over evolution
and the role of science and religion in
public schools
7. flapper
An emancipated young woman who embraced new
fashions and urban attitudes of the 1920s
8. Double standard
A set of principles granting greater sexual freedom to men than women
◦ Standard of behavior was stricter for women
9. Charles Lindbergh
Pilot who made the first solo flight across the
Atlantic
10. George Gershwin
Composer who gained fame by merging traditional
classical music with American jazz
11. Georgia O’Keeffe
Artist who painted intensely colored scenes of
New York
12. Sinclair Lewis
Writer who was the first American to win the Nobel
Prize in literature
◦ Criticized conformity and materialism
13. F. Scott Fitzgerald
Writer whose books reveled the negative
side of 1920s freedom
◦ coined the term “Jazz Age”
14. Edna St. Vincent Millay
Poet who celebrated youth and freedom from
traditional constraints
15. Ernest Hemingway
Author who wrote about the horrors of war
16. Zora Neale Hurston
One of the pre-eminent writers of twentieth-century
African-American literature
17. James Weldon Johnson
Executive Secretary of the NAACP (National Association for
the Advancement of Colored People) who fought for
legislation to protect the rights of Black Americans
18. Marcus Garvey
Jamaican immigrant who founded UNIA
(Universal Negro Improvement Association)
and encouraged blacks to separate
themselves from white, move to Africa, and
help overthrow the colonial rulers there.
◦ He viewed himself as the “Provisional President
of Africa”
19. Harlem Renaissance
A literary and artistic movement celebrating
Black culture in America
20. Claude McKay
Novelist, poet, Jamaican immigrant, who urged his readers to resist prejudice and discrimination
21. Langston Hughes
Best-known poet of the Harlem Renaissance who
focused on the difficult lives of working-class Black
Americans
22. Paul Robeson
Dramatic Actor who rose to fame in London and then
New York.
◦ He struggled with racism and the treatment he received by
being a supporter of communism and the Soviet Union
23. Louis Armstrong
Famous trumpet-playing Jazz musician
24. Duke Ellington
Jazz pianist and composer who became one of the
most successful musicians of the era
25. Bessie Smith
Blues singer
Changing Ways of Life
SECTION 1
Rural and Urban Differences
Urban Scene
◦ New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia
were the major urban centers of the
1920s
◦ Small towns were slow paced and
conservative while cities were fast
paced and people debated new
scientific and social ideas
◦ Drinking, gambling, and casual
dating
Prohibition
◦ Eighteenth Amendment (1920)
◦ Supported largely by the rural south
and west
◦ Most immigrant groups considered
drinking a part of socializing
◦ Underfunding made the law
unenforceable
Rural and Urban Differences
Speakeasies
◦ Hidden saloons where people had to present a card or know the password to
enter
Bootleggers
◦ People who distilled their own alcohol
Organized Crime
◦ Sprung up in every major city as a result of prohibition
◦ Chicago-Al Capone had an organization that brought in an estimated $60
million a year from 1925-1931
Fundamentalism
A Protestant movement grounded in the literal interpretation
of the Bible
Believed that all knowledge could be found in the Bible and
therefore rejected scientific ideas and theories like the theory
of evolution
The Scopes Trial
◦ ACLU publicly stated it would defend any teacher who challenged
Tennessee’s law against teaching the theory of evolution
◦ John Scopes was arrested for violating the law in 1925
◦ ACLU hired Clarence Darrow to defend Scopes
◦ William Jennings Bryan served as special prosecutor
◦ Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
The
Twenties
Woman
SECTION 2
Young Women Change the Rules
The Flapper
◦ An emancipated young woman who embraced new fashions
and urban attitudes
◦ Smoking and drinking in public
◦ Openly talking about sex
◦ Viewed marriage as an equal partnership
◦ The flapper was more an image than a widespread reality
The Double Standard
◦ Women had to adhere to stricter standards of behavior than
men
Women Shed Old Roles
New Work Opportunities
◦ College educated women worked as teachers, nurses, and
librarians
◦ Clerical work (typists, filing clerk, secretary, etc)
◦ Women earned less than men
Changing Family
◦ Access and acceptability of birth control
◦ Mass-produced goods
◦ Marriages based increasingly on romantic love
◦ Teen rebelliousness
Education
and Popular
Culture
SECTION 3
Shaping Culture
School Enrollments
◦ Increased due to economic prosperity and higher educational
standards in industry
Expanding News Coverage
◦ Included news from across the country and around the world
◦ Mass circulation newspapers, magazines, and tabloids shaped
popular culture
Radio
◦ News, entertainment, advertisements, live sporting events, and
presidential addresses
New Heroes and Old Dreams
Lindbergh’s Flight
◦ Won $25,ooo and became a national hero
Entertainment and the Arts
◦ Silent movies and “talkies”
◦ George Gershwin (composer) blended traditional music with jazz
◦ Georgia O’Keefe-painter
◦ Dance marathons became popular as well as flagpole sitting
New Heroes and Old Dreams
Writers
◦ Sinclair Lewis
◦ Ridiculed Americans for conformity and materialism
◦ F. Scott Fitzgerald
◦ Portrayed the negative side of wealth and living as if life had no meaning
◦ Edna St. Vincent Millay
◦ Wrote poems celebrating new freedoms
◦ Ernest Hemingway
◦ Criticized the glorification of war
The Harlem
Renaissance
SECTION 4
Black American Voices in the 1920s
The Move North
◦ The Great Migration had caused tensions that culminated in 25
urban race riots in 1919
NAACP Goals
◦ Urged protests of racial violence, especially lynching
◦ James Johnson helped spear the NAACP campaign for an
antilynching law in Congress
◦ Secure civil rights
Black American Voices in the 1920s
Marcus Garvey and UNIA
◦ Jamaican immigrant who called for
Black Americans to build a separate
society
◦ Founded the Universal Negro
Improvement Association in 1914
◦ Encouraged his followers to return
to Africa
Renaissance in New York
Writers
◦ Claude McKay- poems about life in black ghettos and
experience of being black in a white dominated world
◦ Langston Hughes- poems about the lives of the working class
Performers
◦ Black performers won large followings with all audiences
◦ Paul Robeson was a famous dramatic actor whose support of
the Soviet Union and Communism led him to leave the country
Renaissance in New York
Jazz
◦ Louis Armstrong
◦ Talented trumpet player
◦ Duke Ellington
◦ Jazz pianist and composer
◦ Bessie Smith
◦ Blues singer and highest paid Black artist in the
world
Ch.13 Review Questions
1.
What term did F. Scott Fitzgerald use to describe the 1920s?
2.
Which musician contributed to the spread of Jazz from New Orleans to New York?
3.
Which groups of people would not approve of prohibition?
4.
Name two reasons why prohibition was difficult to enforce.
5.
Where would people go to obtain liquor illegally?
6.
Which leader of the NAACP fought for equal rights legislation?
7.
John Scopes broke a law that forbade the teaching of what?
8.
What did fundamentalists believe?
9.
What was the relation between movies and American culture in the 1920s?
10. How did the acceptability of debt affect Americans’ lives?
11. What did the flapper represent?
12. Define the Harlem Renaissance.
13. What does the “double standard” refer to?
14. According to fundamentalists (and other prohibitionists) what did alcohol cause?
15. Which of the following increased during the 1920s?
◦ A. child labor B. school dropout rate C. the birthrate D. the crime rate
16. Name two ways that mass production of automobiles changed people’s lives.