Transcript The Classification of Living Things

Unit A Chapter 2 Lesson 1
Pgs A42-A49
 Classification is the
arrangements of things
into groups of similar
items.
 Scientists classify living
things to describe what
they are like and how they
relate to other organisms.
 There is no one correct
classification system. They
are correct as long as they
are useful.
Here we see Homo sapiens (modern
humans) on the left, and Homo
neanderthalensis (Neanderthals or “cavemen”) on the right. We belong to the
same genus because of large similarities
but are different species due to specific
differences.
 Taxonomy The study of scientific classification.
 Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher who lived
from 384-322 B.C. (BCE). He is sometimes called “the
father of science.”
 He classified living things
into plants and animals.
 The plants were divided
into herbs, shrubs, and
trees.
 The animals were divided
into whether they had
blood (vertebrates) or no
blood (invertebrates.)
 He then divided the
animals where they
dwelled; land, air,
or water.
 Also called the father of
taxonomy (maybe he’s the
stepdad)
 A Swedish scientist who
developed a more detailed
classification system in the
mid 1700’s.
 His system known as the
Linnaen system is what our
current classification
system is based off today.
Carl giving a look that says
“Ladies, you know you love the
curls.”
 He first grouped all
living things into two
groups called kingdoms;
plant and animal.
 He then organized the
members of each
kingdom into smaller
groups based on their
features.
 He was most well known
for inventing a system for
naming living things
called the binomial
system.
 Every living thing has a
scientific name, written
in Latin, and contains
their genus and species.
 While we still do use the Linnaean system, it has been
expanded and improved.
 Instead of only two kingdoms, we now have 5.
Scientists are currently debating whether to add a 6th
or even 7th kingdom as new research is completed.
 The current kingdoms are Plantae, Animalia, Fungi,
Monera, and Protista.
 Plants are multi-celluar,
have a nucleus, make their
own food and cannot
move.
 Scientists look at plants
adaptations to help group
them.
 An adaptation is a
structure or feature that
helps an organism to
survive.
 Scientists look at the
plant’s roots, stems, and
leaf shape to group them.
 Animals are multi-celled,
and have no cell walls.
They have a nucleus, eat
food but most can move.
 Animals are put into two
large groups; those with a
backbone (vertebrates) and
those without
(invertebrates.
 Vertebrates are organized
based on their body
coverings, how they
reproduce, how they
breathe and many more.
 They are mostly multi-
celled, they have cell
walls, a nucleus, they
take in food, and cannot
move.
 Yeast is a one celled
fungus.
 Some common fungi are
mushrooms, bread mold,
and yeast.
 Mostly single celled, some have
cell walls. They have a nucleus.
They take in food or make their
own food. Many of them can
move.
 Protists can be both plant and
animal like.
 Plant-like protists are classified
by their color and if they have a
shell. Ex. Algae
 Animal-like protists move using
either flagellum or cilia, tiny
hairs. They also can cause many
serious illnesses like malaria or
sleeping sickness.
In one gram of soil there can be
150,000 protists. These are common
protists found in ponds.
 Single celled, have a cell
wall, no nucleus. They
take in food or make their
own, some can move.
 Monerans are the most
numerous organisms on
Earth.
 In one gram of soil there
can be over 2 billion
monerans.
 Many are harmless but a
few can cause horrible
infections…….if you are
squeamish don’t look….
Monerans are classified by the size
and shape of their cells.
This is a flesh eating bacteria…..please don’t play in swampy
water with any open wounds. Let’s not end like this!! Go
back to the cute and fuzzy animal kingdom!!!!
That used to be a seal……so much for cute and fuzzy bears.
The End.