Transcript Taxonomy and Classification of living organisms

Classification
of living organisms
The Kingdoms
All living things are divided into 5 kingdoms:
1. Prokaryotes - Single celled organisms.
The Kingdoms
All living things are divided into 5 kingdoms:
1. Prokaryotes - Single celled organisms.
2. Protoctista
The Kingdoms
All living things are divided into 5 kingdoms:
1. Prokaryotes - Single celled organisms.
2. Protoctista
3. Fungi
The Kingdoms
All living things are divided into 5 kingdoms:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Prokaryotes - Single celled organisms.
Protoctista
Fungi
Plants
The Kingdoms
All living things are divided into 5 kingdoms:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Prokaryotes - Single celled organisms.
Protoctista
Fungi
Plants
Animals
The Animal kingdom
We will often focus on Invertebrates.
Invertebrates make up 97% of all animal species
(the other 3% are mammals, birds, fish, reptiles
& amphibians).
This means there are a lot of different species to
identify!
However, we can sort them into smaller groups
called classes and then into orders.
The invertebrates we are likely
to find fall into 6 classes:
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Crustaceans
Arachnids
Molluscs
Worms
Myriapods
Insects
Use the information cards
to sort the invertebrates
into their different classes.
Invertebrate Facts
• About 75% of all species described are
invertebrates
• It is estimated that
10,000,000,000,000,000,000 (or ten million,
million, million) individual invertebrates are
on the planet at any one time.
• An average brood of Great Tit chicks will
consume around 120,000 caterpillars whilst
they are in the nest
• 1 in 3 mouthfuls of food contain insect
pollinated products.
• Malaria kills one person every 12 seconds
The Plant kingdom
We will often focus on Flowering Plants.
These can be divided into two groups:
*Those with a vascular system of phloem and xylem
and true roots.
* Those without - usually smaller plants with
gaseous exchange across membranes and
through pores and fibrous rhizoids rather than
roots.
The Plant kingdom
Vascular:
* Ferns
* Conifers
* Flowering Plants
Non-vascular
* Mosses
* Liverworts
Plant Facts
• 400,000 Plant species worldwide
• 20% of UK Flora is threatened
• Plants provide the photosynthetic pathways
that capture sunlight energy for our food
chains
• Plant science inform agriculture,
conservation, horticulture and
environmental issues.
The Classification System
Kingdom - largest, most diverse
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Increasingly
Species-smallest,
specific
least diverse
Crustaceans
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Shell-like exoskeleton
Variable number of body segments
Antennae
14 legs
No wings
Worms
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No exoskeleton
Lots of body segments
No antennae
No legs
No wings
Arachnids
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Exoskeleton
2 body segments
No antennae
8 legs
No wings
Molluscs
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No exoskeleton
1 Body segment
Eyes on tentacles
No legs
No wings
Myriapods
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Exoskeleton
Lots of body segments
Antennae
At least 14 legs
No wings
Insects
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Exoskeleton
3 Body segments
Antennae
6 legs
2 or 4 wings
We can divide the insects into
smaller groups called orders:
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Butterflies & Moths (Lepidoptera)
Lacewings (Neuroptera)
Dragonflies & Damselflies (Odonata)
Bugs (Hemiptera)
Beetles (Coleoptera)
Flies (Diptera)
Bees, ants & wasps (Hymenoptera)
The Classification System
Kingdom - largest, most diverse
Phylum eg Arthropoda
Class eg Insecta
Order eg Coleoptera
Family eg Carabidae
Genus eg Carabus
Species-eg Carabus nitens