Transcript Northeast High School GHSGT Junior Academy

Northeast High School
GHSGT Junior Academy
Domain: Cells and Heredity
Mrs. C. Dinkins-Instructor
March 2009
Domain 1: Cells and Heredity
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Overview of the Domain
Students describe the structures of cells and the structure and
function of their components.
o Students examine the similarities and differences between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Students explain the process of inheritance of genetic traits.
o Students differentiate between DNA and RNA, recognizing the
role of each in heredity.
o Students demonstrate understanding of Mendel’s Laws in
genetic inheritance and variability.
o Students discuss the use of DNA technology in the fields of
medicine and agriculture.
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Students analyze the similarities and differences between organisms
of different kingdoms.
Assessment of this domain focuses on
the following:
Describing the roles of
cell organelles in the
following:
• information feedback
• motility
• obtaining, storing, and
using energy
• protein construction
• reproduction
• transport of material
• waste disposal
Differentiating the functions
of the macromolecules:
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carbohydrates
lipids
nucleic acids
proteins
• understanding the
relationships between
single-celled and multicelled organisms, on a
broad, conceptual level
• differentiating how organisms
from different kingdoms
obtain, transform, and
transport, energy and/or
material.
Inorganic vs. Organic Compounds
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Inorganic
Water
Acids and BasespH
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Organic
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Water
 About
60-90% of an
organism is water
Water is used in
most reactions in
the body
Water is called
the universal
solvent
Water Properties
Polarity
Cohesion
Adhesion
Surface
Tension
Acids
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Taste sour
Examples:
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citric acid (think lemons)
vinegar (5% acetic acid)
carbonic acid (for carbonation of pop)
stomach acid, sweat
Bases
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Taste bitter
Feel slippery
Examples:
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detergents
soap
household ammonia
Blood (slightly)
Acids
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Number of hydrogen ions in solutions is
greater than water
 HCl  H+ + Cl-
Bases
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Number of hydroxide ions in solution is
greater than water
 NaOH  Na+ + OH-
pH Scale
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Compares the
concentrations of
H+ ions
ranges from 0 to 14
7 is neutral (pure
water)
Macromolecules
Macromolecules
Scientists of Cell Discovery and the
Cell Theory
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Robert Hooke
Anton van Leewenhoek
Robert Brown
Matthias Schleiden
Theodor Schwann
Rudolph Virchow
The Cell Theory
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The modern tenets of the Cell Theory include:
1. All known living things are made up of cells.
2. The cell is structural & functional unit of all living
things.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells by division.
(Spontaneous Generation does not occur).
4. Cells contains hereditary information which is
passed from cell to cell during cell division.
5. All cells are basically the same in chemical
composition.
6. All energy flow (metabolism & biochemistry) of
life occurs within cells.
Types of Cells
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Prokaryotes vs.
Eukaryotes
Single-celled and
Multi-celled
organism
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Plant vs. Animal
Plant vs. Animal Cells
Cell Organelles
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http://www.execulink.com/~ekimm
el/drag_gr11/organell.htm
http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/sc
ience/Sbi3a1/cells/cellquiz.htm
http://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/
cellquiz.html
Cell Transport
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Cell Membrane Structure
Passive vs. Active Transport
Homeostasis
Tonicity- Isotonic, Hypertonic and
Hypotonic Solutions
Crossing the Plasma Membrane
Passive
Transport
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No energy needed
WITH the gradient
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Diffusion
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Facilitated diffusion
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Osmosis
Active
Transport
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ENERGY used
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AGAINST the gradient
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Can be through a
protein
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Bulk transport and
pumping
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Endocytosis
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Exocytosis
Cellular Energy
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ATP-ADP Cycle
Photosynthesis
Cell Respiration
Six Kingdoms