Transcript extreme conditions

The 6 Kingdoms of Life
The grouping of organisms into
Kingdoms is based on three
factors:
1. Cell Type
2. Cell Number
3. Feeding Type
1. Cell Type:
There are two types of cells
• _____________________
• _____________________
They differ because of the presence or
absence of cellular structures
Prokaryotic Cells
HAVE:
• DNA (in the form of
a naked loop)
• Ribosomes
• Cytoplasm
• Cell membrane
Ex. bacterial cell
Prokaryotic Cells
• DO NOT HAVE:
• A membrane-bound
nucleus
• Any membranebound organelles
Eukaryotic Cells
(ex. animal cell)
HAVE
• Membrane-bound
nucleus
• DNA (wrapped into
chromosomes)
• Membrane-bound
organelles
• Cytoplasm
• ribosomes
With your partner...
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
2. Cell Number
Organisms can be either:
• ________________________
(Composed of only one cell)
Or
Ex.
paramecium
• ___________________________
(Composed of many cells)
Ex. elephant
3. Feeding Type
Organisms can be of the type that:
• Makes its own food, known as an
______________________(producer)
Or
• Consumes other organisms to survive
______________________(consumer)
Originally Linneus created two Kingdoms:
• Plantae
• Animalia
We now need 6 Kingdoms to adequately
classify life.
The 6 Kingdoms of Life
• Eubacteria (also
known as Monera)
• Achaebacteria (or
Archea)
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia.
Prokaryotes
____________
Eukaryotes
______________________
Archaea
Prokaryotes
Always unicellular
Autotrophs
Adapted to unusual and/or
extreme conditions, such as
very hot, very salty or
anaerobic (no-oxygen)
environments
• Many are found in sulfur
ponds and deep sea vents
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Eubacteria (Monera)
Bacteria
Prokaryotes
Some autotrophs, some heterotrophs
Always unicellular
May have plant, fungal or animal
characteristics, but lack organelles,
including chloroplast
• Reproduce by binary fission.
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Protista
• Eukaryotes
• Mostly unicellular
• Can be both autotrophs and
heterotrophs
• May have plant, fungal or animal
characteristics
• Some may have chloroplasts
• Can divide into categories of animallike, plant-like and fungus-like protists.
Protista (The Garbage Pile)
phytoplankton
Slime molds
algae
Other Helpful and Harmful
Protists
• Helpful: ex. diatomaceous earth from
diatoms
• Harmful: ex. red tide from
dinoflagellates
Some protists (sporozoans) can
cause diseases such as:
• Amebic dysentery
(Diarrhea, vomiting)
• Giardiasis (beaver fever)
(Diarrhea, vomiting)
• African sleeping sickness
(Uncontrolled sleepiness)
• Malaria
(fever, chills, death)
Fungi
• Eukaryotes
• Almost all multicellular (can be
unicellular)
• Most obtain complex food molecules
from external source, absorbed through
external surface (Heterotrophic)
• Almost never capable of movement
• Build cell walls that don’t contain cellulose
• They have many nucleii but do not always
have complete cell walls between them.
Fungi are extremely important
• By breaking down dead
organic material, they
continue the cycle of
nutrients through
ecosystems.
• For food (ex. mushrooms,
bread, beer, cheese)
• Many antibacterial drugs
are derived from fungi
Ex. Penicillin
Plantae
Eukaryotes
Multicellular
Have cell walls with cellulose
Autotrophic (perform photosynthesis
using chlorophyll)
• Includes flowering plants, mosses, and
ferns.
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Animalia
• Eukaryotes
• Multicellular
• Most obtain complex food molecules
from external source, broken down and
absorbed internally (heterotrophs)
• Usually capable of movement
• Incredibly diverse.