Transcript Slide 1
1 Classification is the grouping of objects based on similarities. Examine the evolutionary basis of modern classification systems. (six kingdoms) 2 Classification Classification is an important process in understanding how organisms are related and how they are different. Taxonomy is the branch of biology that studies the grouping and naming of organisms. 3 Aristotle His classification system was based on structural differences that were seen. 4 Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) Swedish Botantist based his classification on characteristics of organisms that were similar. Developed the two word system used to identify species: binomial nomenclature. 5 Clip on next slide 6 Binomial nomenclature Because scientists speak many different languages and common names for organisms may vary from place to place, a universal system for naming organisms is used. The scientific name of an organism is based on a two-word system called binomial nomenclature. 7 Quercus alba: is the name for white oak (alba is Latin for “white”) Quercus rubra: is the name for the red oak (rubra is Latin for “red”) Micropterus salmoides is the name for a largemouth bass 8 Binomial nomenclature •The two words, genus and species, are always italicized (or underlined). •The first word in a scientific name, genus, is always capitalized and the second word, species, is never capitalized. •For example the scientific name of the largemouth bass would be Micropterus salmoides (or Micropterus salmoides). 9 In addition to (1) appearance and (2)behavior, (3) molecular structure (e.g., DNA) and(4) evolutionary relationships are also considered when classifying organisms. Organisms that share more similarities are more closely related and are grouped together. 10 Eight levels of classification Domain Least alike Most alike 11 GROUP NAME ORGANISM HUMAN CHIMPANZ EE HOUSE CAT LION HOUSEFLY KINGDOM Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia PHYLUM Chordate Chordate Chordate Chordate Arthropoda CLASS Mammal Mammal Mammal Mammal Insect ORDER Primates Primates Carnivora Carnivora Diptera FAMILY Hominidae Pongidae Felidae Felidae Muscidae GENUS Homo Pan Felis Felis Musca SPECIES sapiens troglodytes domestica leo domestica Scientific Name Homo sapiens Pan troglodyt Felis domestica Felis leo Musca domestica 12 Example: Human Classification How would you write the scientific name? a. homo Sapiens b. Homo sapiens c. Homo Sapiens 14 15 KINGDOMS OF LIFE 16 Six Kingdoms of Life EuBacteria Plantae Protista Archae Bacteria Fungi Animalia 17 Three Domains and Six Kingdoms: Three Domains: Bacteria- Unicellular and prokaryotic. Autotrophic and Heterotrophic. Cell walls have peptidoglycan. Kingdoms: Eubacteria Archaea- Unicellular and prokaryotic. Cell walls do not have peptidoglycan. Kingdoms: Archaebacteria Eukarya- Eukaryotic Kingdoms: Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia. 18 Bacteria Protista Fungi •Eubacteria & •Eukaryotes •Eukaryotes •Prokaryotes •Unicellular and multicellular •Unicellular or multicellular •Heterotropic and autotrophic •Heterotrophic Archaebacteria •Unicellular •Heterotropic and autotrophic 19 Plantae Animalia Eukaryotes Eukaryotes Multicellular Multicellular Autotrophic Heterotrophic 20 6 Kingdoms of Life Clip on next slide 21 Evolutionary relationship between the kingdoms. Clip on next slide 22 23 EOCT ALERT!!!! A multicellular organism that obtains its food by absorbing nutrients from the soil belongs to the kingdom A Animalia B Fungi C Plantae D Protista 24 The study of animals is known as A B C D botany ecology taxonomy zoology 25 In 1988, the tiger swallowtail, Papilio glaucus, was proclaimed Georgia’s state butterfly. The tiger swallowtail shares the most characteristics with members of which taxonomic level? A class B family C order D phylum 26 One main difference between members of the Kingdoms Plantae and Animalia is the ability to A obtain energy B reproduce C move D exchange gases