Transcript The Protestant Reformation

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List as many of the churches in the community
as possible
Humanist
Reformers
Rebalais-> condemned various forms Luther: condemned corruption in the
of corruption within the church;
church; believed priest should practice
priests no longer models of virtue;
what they preached
celibacy vow disregarded; condemned
simony
Sir Thomas More: expressed idea of
communal living; no class distinctions;
no unemployment; no competition;
everyone living & working together.
Defied Henry VIII; Catholic martyr.
John Calvin: people already
predestined for salvation; success on
earth determined place in heaven;
hard work & no leisure time were
signs of success.
Erasmus: believed true religion was a
matter of inward sincerety & pious
devotion rather than an outward
symbol of ceremony and ritual;
scripures were a guide for life; wanted
moral reforms; not ritualistic
Luther: the Bible was a way of life; did
not believe in pompous Church
ceremonies; clergy not important;
everyone is their own priest; one
should be able to talk to God directly
1.
2.
3.
Dissatisfaction with wealth of the church; poor
people believe bishops were of the wealthy
oppressive class.
Corruption in the church- simony benefices;
30% of land in Europe under church control.
Decline in papal influence- nationalistic
churches spring up.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Babylonian Captivity
Great Schism
Henry VIII of England’s
Conciliarism
4. Martin Luther’s 95 Theses.
5.The middle class wished to run their religious
affairs as they handled their own businesses.
-They found Church bureaucracies still to
medieval & rigid.
-Calvinist church came largely from”Protestant Work Ethic”
6. Great Peasant Revolt of 1520.
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Monarchies resented the church for not paying
taxes to the nation, but collecting taxes from
citizens belonging to the church & sending
money to the Rome.
Luther appealed to nationalistic feeling in the
German states.
The Upper class saw an opportunity to take
property from the church.
The Printing Press spread Luther’s ideas & the
Bible in vernacular.
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Pope was in Rome and was Italian (Spanish
Inquisition).
Catholic Church was a source of wealth for Italy.
The Italian Ren. made Italy prosperous (Money in
Art-religous).
Italian universities made question of church
theology principles unheard of.
Germany was the home of Luther & the Liberal
universities.
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Salvation by Faith
No need for sacraments( Baptism & Communion).
Only one true authority is the Bible.
Each person must deal with God directly.
Consubstantiation
No difference between laity & the clergy.
Kept bishops for administrative purposes.
Refusal to recognize the authority of the Pope.
Married clergy.
Religious services in the vernacular.
The Church is the subordinate to and the agent of the
civil authority.
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Pessimistic about man; optimistic about God.
Predestination(“the Elect”).
Strict interpretation of the Bible (literal).
Reject Papal Authority.
Scorned pleasures as the idle: no smoking, drinking, gambling,
blaspheming, dancing, music, in religious services.
Only “sacraments” were Baptism & the Eucharist.
Consubstantiation.
Church elders administration to the congregation.
To much leisure time lead to sin.
Puritans in England; Huguenots in France; Presbyterians in
Scotland.
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Henry VIII of England resented the church for not granting him a
divorce of Catherine of Aragon.
He wanted church lands & property to add to his treasury.
The monarch of England now became the head of the Anglican
Church as well
Book of Common Prayer (Edward VI)
One had to be Anglican to hold a government job until the late
19c.
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Basic & lasting changes in education and image
& role of women.
Implemented the educational ideas of
humanism. (study of original sources in the
original language).
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Catholic Counter Reformation-Council of Trent
Religious Wars of the late 16c & Thirty year’s
War:
Peace of Augsburg 1555
 Edict of Nantes 1598
 Treaty of Westphalia 1648
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Problems with the Church
German Characteristics
•Church had lost sight of spiritual
mission of Jesus
•Popes did not set example of moral
leadership
•Priest engaged in vice and misconduct
•Church too interested in income
•Church was not interested enough in
saving souls
•There was no strong, central government
so emperor could not control new ideas
about religion or prevent the abuses of
the power of Pope.
•Peasant Revolt in 1520- A series of
religious & economic revolts in Germany.
Martin Luther condemns it as the Devil’s
work.
•Tetzel began selling indulgences in
Germany, which appalled many humanist.
Martin Luther protested Tetzel’s behavior
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What specific issue sparked the Reformation in
Germany? How did humanism influence this spark?
What were the main differences between Luther’s
ideas and those of the Roman Catholic Church?
How did Protestantism spread beyond Germany?
What were the religious and political implications of
Luther’s reforms?
How did Henry VIII’s marital difficulties lead to a
break with Rome and the creation of the independent
Church of England?
England became a Protestant country during the
Reformation when its?
A)
B)
C)
D)
People demanded the adaption of Lutheran beliefs.
Armies were exposed to Calvinist beliefs in Europe.
King declared himself the head of the church of England.
Priests opposed reforms established by the Pope.
95 Thesis?
A) Nicola Machiavelli
B) Luther’s statement about indulgences posted
on the church doors.
C) Book written by Thomas More.
D) Book written by Baldassare Castiglione.
John Calvin?
A) Wrote in Italian vernacular language.
B) Most famous Northern Renaissance painter
and woodcutter.
C) Split the Catholic Church over his divorce.
D) The religious reformer who supported the idea
of predestination.
Henry VIII?
A) An idea to supported by Copernicus and later
Kepler & Galileo.
B) Created the Scientific Method.
C) Selling these led to the protests against the
Catholic Church.
D) Split in the Catholic Church over his wish for a
divorce.