Transcript Propaganda

Presented by
David Wegener
Michael Sofie
Propaganda
• “It refers solely to the control of
opinion by significant symbols, or,
to speak more concretely and
less accurately, by stories,
rumors, reports, pictures, and
other forms of social
communication”
•
– Harold Lasswell 1927
Propaganda Devices
• Name Calling
• Glittering Generality
• Transfer
• Testimonial
• Plain Folks
• Card Stacking
• Bandwagon
Name Calling
• Giving an idea a
bad label—used
to make us reject
or condemn the
idea without
examining the
evidence”
(Severin &Tankard, p. 111).
Glittering Generality
• “…associating
something with a
‘virtue word’— used
to make us accept
and approve the thing
without examining the
evidence”
Severin &Tankard (p. 113)
•
Bernays “Torches of Freedom”
Transfer
• “carries the authority,
sanction, and prestige
of something
respected and
revered over to
something else in
order to make the
latter more
acceptable”
Severin &Tankard (p. 116)
Testimonial
• “consists in having
some respected or
hated person say that
a given idea or
program or product is
a good or bad.”
•
Severin &Tankard (p. 118)
• Michael Jordan Air Jordan
athletic shoes
Plain Folks
• “a method by which
the speaker attempts
to convince his
audience that he and
his ideas are good
because they are ‘of
the people,
’ the
‘plain folks’” Severin
•
&Tankard (p. 118)
Sarah Palin’s Alaska Show
Card Stacking
•
“the selection and use
of facts or falsehoods,
illustrations or
distractions, and logical
or illogical statements in
order to give the best or
worst possible case for
an idea, program,
person, or product”
Severin &Tankard (p. 118)
•
Congress on March 27, 2003,
Iraq oil revenues able to finance
war and reconstruction false
statement
Bandwagon
• “its theme, ‘Everybody--at
least all of us—is doing
it’; with it, the
propagandist attempts to
convince us that all
members of a group to
which we belong are
accepting his program
and that we must
therefore follow our crowd
and ‘jump on the
bandwagon’”
•
Severin &Tankard (p. 118)
SUMMARY
• a mass communication message does not
have the same effect on everyone
• characteristics like education level and
initial attitude toward the topic lead to
different results
• the message will be more effective if
backed up by violence
Important Studies / Events
• Increased use of propaganda WWI
• Walter Lippmann (1922) Public Opinion
• Edward Bernays (1923) Crystallizing Public Opinion
• Harold Lasswell (1927) Propaganda Techniques in the
World War
• Edward Bernays (1928) Propaganda
• The Rise of Nazism (1933) Joseph Goebbels- Germany
• Mock and Larson (1939) Words That Won the War
• World War II Begins (1939) High propaganda usage
• The Cold War Begins (1945)
• Elizabeth Noelle-Neumann (1973) The Spiral of Silence
and Cumulative Effects theories
Conclusions
• Propaganda and persuasion permeates our lives
and world
• Ask the questions “Who says What to Whom in
What Channel with What Effect ?”
• People must evaluate the information they
receive as to its validity and truth
• Actively participate in your community and
nation
• Be informed