Transcript Napoleon Bonaparte

The Rise and Fall
of Napoleon’s
Empire
Napoleon was born here,
on the Island of Corsica
April 1792Prussia and Austria go to war with
France to aid French royal family
Prussia
Austria
September - Arrest king & queen and abolish monarchy
National Convention formed = 1st French Republic
1793 – Committee of Public
Safety led by Robespierre
began Reign of Terror
Napoleon Bonaparte leading his troops over the bridge of Arcole 1796
By 1795 – French
armies conquered
parts of Holland,
Belgium, and Germany
1795 – New Constitution = Directory (5 elected men)
+ bicameral legislature (Council of 500 &
Council of Elders)
1796 – marries
Josephine
Battle of the Pyramids – July 21, 1798
The Battle of the Nile – August 1, 1798
1799 - Napoleon
organizes coup
and places
himself as First
Consul
Napoleon Rules France
• Plebiscite (public vote) approved new
constitution – Napoleon stronger
• He repairs the economy – fixed tax
collection, established a national bank,
fired the corrupt
• Lycees – started government run public
schools, rewards based on merit
• Concordat – repairs the relationship with
Church, He will claim influence but no
control
• Establishes the Napoleonic Code – A
system of laws that were uniform but
eliminated individual rights, and restored
slavery in Caribbean
The Napoleonic Code
Political Reforms in France
•
•
•
•
•
Equality of all in the eyes of the law
No recognition of birthright (nobility)
Freedom of Religion
Freedom to find an occupation of choice
Strengthened the role of the family
– Emphasis on the husband/father as the head
of the family
Church Representatives
Empress Josephine
Coronation of Napoleon Bonaparte
• 1804 – crowned himself Emperor
• Napoleon’s actions during the Coronation
were very symbolic
• He took the crown off of the Pope and
placed it on himself
• Symbolized that he does not owe his
success to anyone
Napoleon Creates an Empire
• Wanted territory in New World, couldn’t
overcome slave armies in Haiti and sold
the Louisiana Purchase to the USA
• Wanted to expand in Europe, other
nations attacked & were defeated,
signed peace treaties
• Austerlitz is his finest battle. He crushes
the Russians and Austrians both
• Battle of Trafalgar – England’s Nelson
destroyed the French fleet, Napoleon
wouldn’t be able to invade Britain
• Most of continental Europe in his
control by 1812
Battles of Napoleon
Napoleon’s Tactics
“Military Genius
• Divide and Conquer – Split the enemy in
two and flank them from one side.
• The enemy will be literally half the size
after the one side is annihilated
• Reconnaissance – Search for gaps
• Concentrate artillery fire on these gaps
• Napoleon increased the use of artillery
Army vs. Navy
Nelson
Marie Louise, Empress Consort of
Napoleon Bonaparte (2nd wife
married in 1910) and Napoleon II
Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes
A) Continental System – blockade
against Great Britain, destroy
economy, make continental
Europe more self-sufficient,
Britain did it better…
B) Peninsular War – French
marched into Spain, took over
govt., Spanish guerrilla forces
attacked, French army severely
weakened
C) Napoleon establishes his
relatives as kings in the
countries he conquers. These
people are not competent rulers.
The citizens of these countries
revolt.
D) Invasion of Russia –
Meant to punish Czar for
selling grain to England.
1812- 600,000 + French
soldiers invade Russia
Russians pull back and
refuse to fight, practice
scorched-earth policy,
and burn Moscow down.
Napoleon marched back to
France in winter, lost 5/6
of his army to freezing
and starvation.
“Swallows fell from the sky like stones, frozen in
flight in the bitter cold…”
Napoleon’s Downfall
• 1814 – Napoleon
surrendered at Liepzig
“Battle of Nations”
• coalition armies of Russia,
Prussia, Austria and
Sweden
• exiled to island of Elba
• New king, Louis XVIII
unpopular
• Napoleon escapes from Elba
in 1815 and returns to
France
“Hundred Days” and
Waterloo
• Soldiers are Loyal to
Napoleon not the King
• King Louis XVIII flees
and Napoleon regains
power
• Duke of Wellington
defeats Napoleon’s
troops in the Battle of
Waterloo (Britain and
Prussia)
• St. Helena – Exiled until
his death in 1821
Homework:
•Copy the following definitions on the back of your Napoleon
chart or on a separate piece of paper titled “Napoleonic Era”
•Create a T-chart: Hero/Villain give examples of how
Napoleon was a hero and how Napoleon was a villain. - -Choose either Hero or Villain and use the examples
in the t-chart to create a propaganda poster of Napoleon
supporting your conclusion (t-chart needs to go on back of
poster)
*doesn’t need to be on a poster, but it does need to
be decorated and colored
• Abdicate- To formally
relinquish/give up ruling power.
• Armistice- Temporary end to
hostilities and fighting by
agreement between the
opposing sides.
• Artillery- A branch of an army
armed with cannons.
• Autocratic- Rule by one person
with all the power
• Democratic- Rule by all the
people, usually by voting for a
representative to rule them
• Coup- French for “to cut”, the
violent overthrow of an existing
government leader by a small
group.
• Autocratic- Rule by one person with all the
power
• Democratic- Rule by all the people, usually by
voting for a representative to rule them
Napoleon: Hero or Villan?
• Create a propaganda poster that depicts
whether you think that Napoleon is a hero
to France or a zero.
• You must include an illustration and the
following:
• a. political aspects- (government, laws)
• b. social aspects- (for the good of the
people)
• c. economic aspects- (money, debt, etc. )