Transcript The Industrial Revolution

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2
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REVIEW
THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
Which country was the 1st to
industrialize?
 Great Britain!
 Why?
 Natural Resources
 Gov’t Support
 Lots of Labor
 Agric Rev’n
 Capital ($$$$$)
 Via trade
 Transportation
Effects of Industrialization
 Urbanization -> Growth of Cities
 Living Conditions:
 Initially – Bad
 Later after reforms – Improved standard of
living
 Working Conditions:
 Dangerous, dirty, unsanitary
 Later after reforms – Incr Wages, less hrs,
better conditions
 Social classes
 Rise of the middle class
Resentment from upper and
lower classes
 Better transportation
 Steam -> Railroads! Ships
 Widened the gap between
industrialized & non-industrialized
nations
Technological Advances
 Kay’s Flying shuttle helped speed
up weaving
 Arkwright’s water frame enabled
more efficient weaving & created
the need for factories
 Cotton gin
 Steam Engine for factories
Emergence of Capitalism
 What famous economist?
 Adam Smith!
 Self-Interest & Competition leads
to
 Best Goods at the Lowest Prices
 Gov’t shouldn’t interfere w/
economy
 Laissez Faire
Marxism
 Karl
 Problem:
 Workers are exploited
 Class struggle is inevitable
 Leads to
socialism/communism
IMPERIALISM
What is Imperialism?
Foreign control of a
people or territory
 Economically
 Culturally
 Politically
Old Imperialism
 Age of Exploration (Think
Columbus 1492)
 Spain -> South America
 France & GB -> North
America
 Slavery
Forms
 Colony
 An imperial power OPENLY controlling
another territory/ppl
 Protectorate
 Puppet Gov’t
 Sphere of Influence
 Exclusive Trading Benefits for imperial power
 Econ Imperialism
 Politically independent country controlled by
private foreign companies
Why?
$
 IR
 Prestige (Improve Nat’l Social Status)
 Religion
 Missionaries/Christianity
 Cultural
 “Civilize” them
 Justification:
 Social Darwinism
 The strongest should survive
New Imperialism
 1850-1914
 Africa
 Asia
 Causes
 Nationalism -> Competition,
Prestige
 $ - IR -> Need Resources
 Missionary Spirit, Religion
Resistance to Imperialism
 Africa
 Armed resistance, most often
failed.
 Berlin Conference – European
countries “Carved” up Africa w/o
African representation
 By 1914 only Liberia & Ethiopia
were independent
 India
 “Crown Jewel” colony of GB
 Armed resistance (Sepoy
Rebellion)
 China
 Resistance: Sun Yat-Sen
 Armed Resistance
 Opium Wars
 Japan
 Industrialized
WORLD WAR I
“THE GREAT WAR”
1914-1918
Causes
MANIA
Militarism
Alliances
(Entangling)
Nationalism
Imperialism
Assassination
Entangling Alliances
 Initial Dispute: Serbia & A-H
 Russia supports Serbia
 Germany supports A-H
 France supports Russia
 Germany’s Schlieffen Plan
violates Belgium which pulls in
GB
 Triple Alliance
 Italy
 Germany
 AustriaHungary
 Will become
the
 Central Powers
 Triple
Entente
 France
 Great Britain
 Russia
 Will become
the
 Allies
Total War
 Gov’t took control of economies
(factories)
 Rationing
 Women joined the work force
 Higher Employment
 Propaganda
Western Front
 Trench Warfare
 Small land gains
 Germany, GB &
France
 Stalemate
Eastern Front
 No Trenches
 Large land gains
 Germany, A-H, Turks
vs Russia & Serbs
Both: Massive Casualties &
Destruction
3 Major Events
 Armenian Genocide
 Ottoman Turks systematically try to eliminate
Armenians
 US Joins the Allies 1917
 German Submarine Warfare sings the Lusitania
 Zimmerman Telegram
 Russian Rev’n 1918 –
 Promising Peace, Bread & Land Lenin signs the
Treat y of Brest-Litovsk w/ Germany which gives
up land to Germany & gets Russia out of the war
Wilson’s 14 Points







Proposed Peace Plan
End secret treaties
Freedom of the seas
Free trade
Reduce military
Be fair to colonial ppl
Suggestions for creating new nations w/ selfdetermination
 Nations need to come together to protect each
other (would become the League of Nations)
Treaty of Versailles
 Signed Agreement
 League of Nations
 No Germany or Russia
 Germany loses A-L & all of its overseas
colonies
 Germany must decrease military
 War Guilt clause
 Sole responsibility for WWI
 Reparation payments $33 Billion over 30 yrs
Effects of WWI
 Generation of Europeans killed or wounded
 Dynasties fall
 A-H, Germany (Hohezollern family), Russia
(Romanovs)
 New Countries Created
 League of Nations created to promote Peace
 Long-Term Effects
 Some nations feel betrayed & resentful w/
outcome
 Nationalism & Competition remain
Effect on Art/Lit
 “Lost Generation”
 Generation of people born between 1883
and 1900
 Disillusioned by WWI.
 Pioneered new styles of artistic
expression through writing.
 Spent considerable amounts of
time outside the US
Gertrude Stein
Ernest Hemingway
Thomas Eliot