Transcript FOURTEEN POINTS - WGTE Public Media

OGT TERMS
• A glossary of terms for the Ohio
Graduation Test: 32-41
FOURTEEN POINTS
Peace program proposed by
President Woodrow
Wilson. The Fourteen
Points recommended
breaking up Austria and
Turkey into new national
states, and creating a
League of Nations. (45)
B
The League of Nations was created
after World War I as a forum for
resolving international conflicts.
However, the League was unable
to resolve tensions that led to
World War II.
One factor that contributed to the
ineffectiveness of the League was
the
A. breakup of colonial empires in
Africa and Asia.
B. decision of the United States not to
join the League.
C. opposition of League members to
the Treaty of Versailles.
D. rise of the Cold War between the
United States and the Soviet
Union.
FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1799)
A revolution in France against
royal authority and noble
privilege, partly inspired by
Enlightenment ideals. The
king was eventually killed, the
nobility was abolished, and
Europe was plunged into war.
(144)
B
During the Enlightenment, a number
of writers explored the relationship
between governments and the
people they governed. For example,
Rousseau wrote The Social Contract,
in which he examined ideas about
majority will and the common good.
How did these ideas influence the
American and French Revolutions?
A. They encouraged loyalty to
established governments.
B. They supported movements for
social and political change.
C. They encouraged the formation
of American and French
constitutional monarchies.
D. They supported the efforts of
governments to maintain
control over their subjects.
2008 Question
What action by the leaders of the French
Revolution demonstrates that they were
influenced by Enlightenment ideas?
A. They called for the fall of the absolute A
monarchy.
B. They encouraged the conquests of Napoleon.
C. They fought to maintain France’s colonial
empire.
D. They supported the combination of church and
state.
GENOCIDE
A policy of mass murder carried out against
a racial, ethnic or religious group. (85)
• The Spanish Conquistadores in Latin America
following Columbus in the Caribbean Islands.
• The Armenian Massacre (1915-1916)-Christian
minority marched into the desert by the Muslim leaders
of the Ottoman Empire.
• The Holocaust (1941-1945) An attempt by Hitler to
eliminate Europes Jewish population who he blamed for
everything.
GLOBALIZATION
The spread of ideas,
production and
people around the
globe. (88)
B
Ecuador has an ideal climate for
growing bananas, whereas the
United States would have a difficult
time growing them.
In order to help U.S. consumers of
bananas, the United States would
likely
A. increase the cost of U.S. goods
traded with Ecuador.
B. eliminate the tariff on bananas
imported from Ecuador.
C. put an excise tax on bananas
grown in the United States.
D. discourage world competition
for the U.S. banana market.
GREAT DEPRESSION
A major economic crisis that began in the
United States in 1929 and affected most of
the world; it was marked by widespread
business failures, bank closures, and high
unemployment. (67)
2008 Question
How did the U.S. government’s role in the economy change
as a result of the Great Depression?
A. The federal government had a diminished role in
regulating economic activity.
B. The federal government maintained the role it had in
economic matters before the Great Depression.
C. The federal government expanded its role in regulating
economic activity and promoting economic growth.
D. The federal government transferred its role in economic
affairs over to the state governments.
C
GREAT MIGRATION
The wave of African American migrants from
the South during the early 20th century;
they moved north seeking better jobs and
housing. (66)
Great Migration Test Questions
•
In the late 1800s, a population shift
among African Americans began in
the United States. Known as the
“Great Migration,” this pattern of
shifting population accelerated as a
result of World War I and continued
throughout the 1920s.
– • Describe the population shift
involved in the “Great
Migration.”
– • Explain how this migration
produced an important change
in the domestic affairs of the
United States during the first
three decades of the twentieth
century.
•
Write your answer in the Answer
Document. (4 points)
• The early 20th century saw a
significant northward migration
of African-Americans. During
the 1920s, nearly 400,000
African-Americans settled in
New York, Pennsylvania and
Illinois. Many lived in large
cities such as New York,
Philadelphia and Chicago.
• Identify two economic effects
of this migration on the United
States. Write your answer in
the Answer Document. (2
points)
2008 Question
• What economic factor primarily contributed to the
movement of African-Americans from the South to the
North in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
A. greater employment opportunities in urban areas
B. increased imports from newly acquired U.S. territories
C. the availability of free land under the Homestead Act
D. the need for agricultural workers to feed a growing
population
A
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
Total amount of goods and services
that a nation produces in a single
year; the GDP is often used to gauge
a nation’s economic strength. (97)
HARLEM RENAISSANCE
The flourishing literary,
musical, and artistic
expression of African
Americans in Harlem in
the 1920’s. (66)
D
In the early 20th century, many
African-Americans moved from
the South to cities in the North.
This “Great Migration” helped
stimulate a flowering of artistic
talent by African-Americans in
New York known as the Harlem
Renaissance. One way in which
the Harlem Renaissance was
significant was that it
A. reduced racial tensions in the
northern cities.
B. led to a decline in activity by the Ku
Klux Klan.
C. led to a relaxation of restrictions on
African-Americans in the South.
D. contributed to the recognition of
African-American culture.
HOLOCAUST (1939-1945)
The genocide of Jewish people in Europe by
the Nazis during World War II. Jews were
sent to concentration camps where
millions were gassed. (85)
Holocaust
IMPERIALISM
The Political and economic
control of one area or
country by another
country. In the late 19th
century, Imperialism led
to European control of
much of Africa and Asia.
(34)
D
One factor that motivated
U.S. imperialism during
the late 19th and early
20th centuries was the
A. development of closer
political ties with
European nations.
B. closing of China to all
foreign trade.
C. support of international
peacekeeping operations.
D. acquisition of new
markets and sources of
raw materials.
2008 Question
The famous American writer Mark Twain expressed his
opinion about U.S. actions in the Philippines after the
Spanish American War with the following words: “I have
seen that we do not intend to free, but to subjugate
(place under control) the people of the Philippines. We
have gone to conquer, not to redeem (save). … I am
opposed to having the [American] eagle put its talons on
any other land.” The New York Herald, October 15, 1900
This statement would be helpful in supporting the thesis
that Mark Twain believed that
A. U.S. imperialism was wrong.
A
B. U.S. imperialism would bring stable government to the
Philippines.
C. U.S. imperialism was necessary for the United States to
become a world power.
D. U.S. imperialism civilized the people of the Philippines.
2009 Question
During the Spanish-American War, the U.S. Navy
destroyed the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay in the
Philippines. The U.S. Congress later voted for
annexation of the Philippines.
What was one reason for this act of U.S. imperialism?
A. to provide the U.S. with a valuable naval base in the
Pacific
B. to provide the U.S. with a place to relocate its immigrant
population
C. to decrease the U.S. need to export raw materials for
industrialization
D. to increase the U.S. population by extending citizenship
to the Filipinos
A