Transcript WWIReview - MrWhitford-US

Wwi comes to an end…for
us
I bet you’re all a little sad to see it go…
AGENDA 03/09/2012
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Bell Work
Debate over Versailles and the League of Nations
Review for the quiz
Projects and Quiz on Tuesday
Catch-up on incomplete and missing assignments,
work on notecards, etc.
BELL WORK AND QUIZ PREVIEW
As we wrap up WWI it is time to consider how WWI
changed America.
Think about changes in the economy, workforce,
foreign policy, and groups of Americans like women,
African Americans, etc.
AFTER 6 MONTHS IN FRANCE
PRESIDENT WI LSON RETURNS TO THE US TO GET THE
TREATY RATIFIED
WILSON VS. LODGE
The focus of the fight? The League of Nations!
CAN THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS SEND
US TO WAR?
Article X of the League of
Nations Charter:
Article VI of the US
Constitution:
“The Members of the League
undertake to respect and
preserve as against external
aggression the territorial
integrity and existing political
independence of all
Members of the League. In
the case of any such
aggression or in case of any
threat or danger of such
aggression the Council shall
advise upon the means by
which this obligation shall be
fulfilled.”
“Clause 2: This Constitution,
and the Laws of the United
States which shall be made in
Pursuance thereof; and all
Treaties made, or which shall
be made, under the Authority
of the United States, shall be
the supreme Law of the Land;
and the Judges in every State
shall be bound thereby, any
Thing in the Constitution or
Laws of any State to the
Contrary notwithstanding.”
THE DEBATE OVER RATIFICATION
1. The Reservationists: A group of Republican senators, lead by Henry
Cabot Lodge who would only vote to ratify the treaty with reservations,
or changes that would prevent the US from being sucked in to war.
2. The Irreconcilables: A group of 16 Republican senators who vowed
never to vote for the treaty.
3. The Internationalists: Most Senate Democrats supported the treaty
Wilson takes his
case on the
road…
In the end…
• Wilson’s whistle stop tour seemed to be working…
• Until disaster struck-Wilson was in poor health and was forced to return
to Washington where he suffered a massive stroke that left him
temporarily paralyzed
• Ultimately, the US would reject the treaty and the League of Nations
was doomed for failure.
• It would be another 2 decades before the US would consider
collective security again
• The 1920 presidential election would be a referendum on the Treaty
that Republican Warren G. Harding would win in a landslide.
NOT THIS WARREN G.
THIS WARREN G.
REVIEW
Let’s remember what we learned
EUROPE AS A POWDER KEG
1.
2.
3.
4.
Nationalism
Imperialism
Militarism
Alliances
THE SPARK!
June 28, 1914 and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
JULY 28, 1914=WAR
US NEUTRALITY
Following a tradition of neutrality and noninvolvement in European affairs.
There may have been some economic
reasons too…
WAR TURNS TO THE TRENCHES
AMERICA GOES TO WAR
TOTAL WAR!
• Selective Service Act of 1917-from
200,000 to over 3 million!
• Committee on Public Information
• Scrap drives and Victory Gardens
NEW GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
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The War Industries Board (WIB)
The Food Administration
The Fuel Administration
The Committee on Public
Information (CPI)
*The number of federal
employees doubles
between 1916 and 1918
AMERICA CRACKS DOWN ON
AMERICANS:
THE ESPIONAGE ACT OF 1917
• Passed in 1917, the Espionage Act made it a crime to
interfere with the draft or obstruct the war effort.
• The Act gave the Postmaster General the power to refuse
mail delivery of materials that discouraged loyalty.
• Socialist newspapers and magazines were banned and
popular magazines called on Americans to spy on their
neighbors!
THE SEDITION ACT OF 1918
• Made it illegal to say anything “disloyal, profane,
scurrilous, or abusive” about the government.
• Hundreds of Americans were arrested for criticizing the
draft, or new and increased wartime taxes.
• No longer can you criticize your government!
THE GREAT MIGRATION
MEUSE-ARGONNE OFFENSIVE
• The Second Battle of the Marne was a
clear indication that Germany was on
the brink of defeat.
• In Sept. 1918 the Allies launched the
Meuse-Argonne Offensive with the
goal of severing German supply lines
on the Sedan Railroad.
• More than 1 million US troop took part
in the final assault of WWI.
• After six weeks of fighting in the
Argonne Forest the AEF achieved their
objective.
• On 11/11/1918 at 11 in the morning
Germany agreed to an armistice and
the long war was officially over.
In the end…
• When combat officially ended
more than 8 million soldiers had
died.
• Another 21 million were injured, or
suffered from combat afflictions
like Shell Shock
• The economies of Europe were
devastated, as was the
environment and infrastructure.
• Millions of civilians died throughout
Europe from starvation, disease, or
other war related causes.
• The war had ended, but what
next?
THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
EUROPE BEFORE AND AFTER THE
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
Now it’s time to get things done!
Things you should be doing with my generous donation of class time:
1. Finish up any incomplete or missing assignments
2. Finish your propaganda poster
3. Write your War Journal entries (3 of them)
4. Make your note cards for the quiz
5. Study for the quiz
6. Work on one of the extra credit assignments