Transcript U.S. In, Russia Out, & the End of the War

The end of the War and Treaty of
Versailles
What's up with WWI?
• RECAP!
– 4 Conditions that led to trouble:
•
•
•
•
Militarism
Alliance System
Imperialism
Nationalism
– Time Bomb!
• Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
– Alliances form…
The two teams
Central Powers/Triple
Alliance
• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Ottoman Empire
Allies/Triple Entente
• England
• France
• Russia
• U.S.
The Great War
• Some have called World War I “The Great War” because
more troops fought and died than ever before in history.
– WESTERN FRONT- a 600-mile stretch from the English Channel to
Switzerland where heavy fighting took place.
– The Germans fought against the British and the French on the
Western Front with no real victories.
– Troops dug trenches, or narrow and deep holes in the ground, along
the Western Front. Both sides could come out of the trenches, fight,
and then run back to their trench.
A War of Technology
• During World War I, both the
Central Powers and the Allies
used advanced military
technology to kill the enemy.
– Machine guns made it possible
for one gunner to kill waves of
soldiers.
– When thrown into a trench,
poison gas could cause
choking, blinding, and severe
skin blisters.
Why is this a World War?
• Throughout the war, additional countries,
such as Japan, the Ottoman Empire, and
the United States joined the war.
– In addition, because the mother countries
were turning to their colonies for workers,
supplies, and even soldiers, countries in
Africa and South America were involved as
well.
Total War
• World War I was what we call a Total War. In a total war,
all of a nation’s resources go into the war effort.
Governments DRAFTED men to fight the war and raised
taxes to pay for the costs of the war. They RATIONED
goods and created PROPAGANDA.
– Draft - a system in which men are selected to fight in a war.
In many countries, men are assigned a number, and
numbers are then randomly selected.
– Ration - to limit the supply of goods available to people.
– Propaganda - the spreading of ideas to promote a cause or
damage an opposing cause.
World War I Propaganda
End of the War
• By 1917, Europe had seen too much
death and ruin and the war was
beginning to fall apart.
– Russian Revolution (1917) - The new
leader, Vladimir Lenin, signed a
treaty with Germany that took Russia
out of the war.
– In April 1917, the United States joined
the Allies and began to fight against
Germany.
• With the new soldiers and supplies
from the United States, the other
Central Powers began to drop out of
the war.
Germany Declares an Armistice
• Soon, Germany stood alone AND asked
for an end to the fighting.
– An ARMISTICE was declared on November
11, 1918.
– Armistice - an agreement to end the fighting.
Final Toll
• There were political, financial, and human costs at the end of
World War I.
– Political Costs
• Collapse in governments
• Unrest in colonies
• Rising threat of communism
– Financial Costs
• War loans to repay
• Factories, farms, homes, and roads
destroyed
• German REPARATIONS
– Human Costs:
• More than 8.5 million dead
• More than 17 million wounded
• Famine
Military Deaths
The Big Three
• Europe was a complete mess; someone had to do something
to figure out how to rebuild it.
• The Big Three: met at the Paris Peace Conference to
decide what Europe would be like after the war.
– American President Woodrow Wilson
– French leader Georges Clemenceau
– British Prime Minister David Lloyd George
Wilson’s 14 Points
• At the meeting, President Wilson
presented his 14 Points. A
document designed to prevent
another war.
– No secret treaties
– Freedom of the seas
– Tariffs should be lowered or
abolished
– Arms should be reduced
– End of colonialism
– League of Nations
– Self-determination – allowing
countries to select their own
governments.
Treaty of Versailles
• While Wilson wanted self-determination, the French and
the British just wanted to punish Germany for starting the
war. They did this with the TREATY OF VERSAILLES.
– TREATY OF VERSAILLES: created new countries, punished
Germany with reparations and military cutbacks, and set up the
League of Nations.
• REPARATIONS: payment for war damages.
Germany had to pay over $30 billion.
• LEAGUE OF NATIONS: a group of over forty
countries that met together to settle
international problems without war.
– US will never join the League of Nations
Problems that followed opened the
door for…
This Guy…
Treaty of Versailles
Cartoon/Comic Strip
• You will create a political cartoon, or comic strip
that illustrates at least 3 of the main ideas of the
Treaty of Versailles, illustrates how Germany
was treated at the end of the war, and who
comes to power as a result of the failed treaty.
• On the back of your cartoon write:
– What is the main idea that you’re trying to convey to your
audience?
– What people (if any) are included in your cartoon?
– What symbols (if any) are included in your cartoon? What do
they represent?
“We shall fight another war
again in 25 years time.”
• What does this quote tell you about the Treaty of
Versailles?
• If people knew at the time that the treaty was ineffective,
or would lead to another war, why do you think no one
changed it?
• Do you think some countries took any other steps to try
to ensure peace after World War I?
So what do you think? Was this the
war to end ALL wars?
The War to End
ALL
Wars