Transcript Kingdoms of Egypt - HRSBSTAFF Home Page

The Old Kingdom:
Age of the pyramids
Page 56-58
1. Under what King was Egypt
unified?
• King Menes in 3100
BCE.
2. What is a dynasty?
• A series of
rulers belonging
to the same
family.
3. Where were the three pyramids
built?
• Giza, Egypt
4. Who was Imohtep?
• Chancellor to the
Pharaoh Djoser. He
was the architect of
the Step Pyramid, a
high priest, a builder,
and practiced
medicine.
The Middle Kingdom:
Age of Nobles
Page 58-59
1. What happened at the end of the
Old Kingdom of Egypt?
• Central government broke down as local
and provincial officials became
increasingly powerful. This led to civil war.
2. Why did Egypt experience two centuries of
peace and stability during the middle
kingdom?
Economic and political
boundaries
expanded, and
increased social
mobility of the middle
class decreased the
power of local
princes.
This led to less internal
strife and peace.
3. Who invaded Egypt at the end of the Middle Kingdom?
What did they have which gave them the advantage?
• The Hyksos invaded Egypt. They had
improved bows, horse-drawn chariots and
bronze weapons which gave them the
advantage.
4. How did the Egyptians emerge from the
second intermediate period?
• They mastered the new weapons and
drove the Hyksos out.
Political, Legal, and Economic
structures
Page 59-63
1. What was the pharaoh?
• Central to the
government of Egypt,
the Pharaoh was a
god-king.
• The Pharaoh was the
earthly embodiment
of the god Horus, son
of Osiris.
2. Did the pharaoh have absolute
power? Explain.
• Yes, the pharaoh had
absolute power, but
they did have to rule
in accordance to
Ma’at, the equilibrium
goddess of the
universe.
• They were not to
disturb that balance
by altering society.
The New Kingdom: Age of the
Empire/Golden Age
Page 63-68
1. Who do
historians
call the first
powerful
female
leader?
• Hatshepsut
2. How is Hatshepsut depicted often in
statues? Why?
• Wearing a beard.
• This was to symbolize
her power and
authority, given that
pharaohs are the son
of the god Re.
3. Who is known as the Napoleon of Egypt?
• Tuthmosis III
4. What was Akhenaton’s original
name?
• Amonhotep IV
What did Akhenaton do?
• He opposed th worship of
Amon-Re, the traditional
supreme god of the
Egyptians. He wanted
Egyptians to worship one
god, Aton.
5. Was Akhenaton considered a
strong pharaoh?
• No, he did not pay much
attention to traditional
pharaoh duties, leading to
the beginning of the end of
the New Kingdom.
6. Who was Tutankhamun?
• He was the young
child who began
pharaoh after
Akhenaton’s death.
7. Did Tutankhamen accept his
fathers religious revolution?
• No, he reversed Akhenaton’s changes to
the religion of Egypt. He changed his
name from Tutankhaton to Tutankhamun,
rejecting the Aton cult.
8. Where did Tutankhamun move
the capital of Egypt back to?
• Thebes.
9. Why was his tomb not
discovered by grave robbers?
• He died so young,
that he was placed in
a tomb of the nobility,
which was not
advertised as a
typical pharaoh tomb.
10. What did Ramses II construct
during his 67 year reign of Egypt?
• He created the
greatest monuments,
buildings and colossal
statues, including Abu
Simbel and the Valley
of the Kings.
11. When did national gods begin
to emerge in Egypt?
• During the Middle
Kingdom, Amon, the
local god of Thebes
began to emerge as a
national god of Egypt.
Who were the gods of the dead?
• Osiris, Anubis, Horus, and Thoth.
Intellectual Life
Page 68-74 (not 70-71)
1. Explain the Ka, ba, and akh.
• The Ka was a spiritual duplicate of the
human. It was stored in the heart, and at
death, it was separated from the body.
The ka would inhabit the tomb of the
individual to be near the body after death.
The ka would need food, clothing,
perfume and furniture in the afterlife.
• The ba was a non-physical element
unique to each person. It was the
person’s character or personality, and
depicted as a human headed bird.
• The Akh was the transformed mummy of
the human, through the use of magical
spells said over the mummy.
2. Why did the Egyptians begin to
mummify their dead?
The natural rainless climate and
dryness of the sand prevented
the body from decomposing,
leading to mummies in the sand.
Yet, as the Egyptians moved to
more elaborate burial practices,
the bodies would decompose
because they were not in the
sand.
Consequently, they developed artificial
ways to duplicate the
mummification process that had
initially happened naturally in the
desert.
3. Who built the great pyramid
• Khufu, during the age
of the Pyramids/Old
kingdom.
Review…Recall…Reflect
(page 63)
1. List & describe three ways that the environment
shaped Egyptian culture and society.
The Nile, Western and Eastern Deserts, and
the Mediterranean Sea were
environmental factors which shaped
Egypt.
The Nile provided transportation, irrigation,
and communication networks.
The desert protected Egypt from invasion
and allowed it to remain isolated.
The Mediterranean Sea provided the
transportation route to Egypt’s trading
partners.
2. Explain the meaning and significance of the
double crown of Egypt.
The double crown of Egypt signifies the
unification of Upper and Lower Egypt in
3100 BCE, under the reign of King
Menes.
Review…Recall…Reflect
(page 74)
1. With the concept of a god-king, the importance of having a
strong Pharaph was crucial to Egypt’s stability. Respond to this
statement using the Pharaohs of the New Kingdom to support
your answer.
Hatshepsut,
Tuthmosis III,
Akhenaton,
Tutankhamen,
Ramses II were
all pharaohs of
the New
Kingdom
considered
strong.