Transcript Male Pharaohs

Pharaohs of Egypt
By: Josh Chee, Brandon Lopez,
and Brendan Gosse
Pharaohs
• Pharaohs were the kings of Egypt.
• The word “Pharaoh” was used by the Greeks
and Hebrews.
• The title “Pharaoh” originated from the Greek
language and it is used in the Old Testament.
• According to Egyptian legend, the first kings
of Egypt were later some of the most famous
gods.
• All of the Pharaohs we know today existed at
the end of the Predynastic period.
Responsibility Of Pharaohs
• Pharaohs ruled with absolute power. There were few
if any challenged against the King.
• Despite absolute power the Pharaoh was expected to
rule subject to Ma’at.
• Ma’at was the goddess and symbol of the
equilibrium of the universe.
• The Pharaoh was expected to govern according to
the principles of Ma’at.
• Any King that attempted to radically change society
would be seen as destroying the equilibrium that
was so important to Egyptian tradition.
Succession
• To keep the pure line of succession, a
Pharaoh passed on the throne to the eldest
son born of the Principal Queen, or Great
Royal Wife.
• Each king was usually keen to demonstrate
to his subjects that he was the “chosen” heir.
• The Pharaoh owned all of the land, people,
and possessions in Egypt.
• Any personal wealth enjoyed by Egyptians
people was considered a result of the
generosity of the King.
Major Male Pharaohs
• There were several Pharaohs of Egypt.
However, we will focus on the main
male Pharaohs:
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Menes
Tuthmosis III
Akenaton
Djoser
Ramses II
Khufu
Tutankhamen
Menes
• Founding King of the 1st Dynasty
• Ruled between 3100-2850 B.C.E
• First Pharaoh to unify upper and lower Egypt
into one Kingdom
• Ancient Egypt’s form of a civilization began
with King Menes.
• He created the city of Memphis because of
its good location. It would be easy top
defend against any attacks.
• During his reign he expanded his kingdom
and developed commercial trade links.
Menes
• His chief wife was Queen Berenib, although
she wasn’t the mother of his heir: Djer.
• The mother of Djer was Neithotepe, Menes’
other wife.
• He died at the age of 63.
• According to legend he was attacked by wild
dogs or Nile crocodiles at Faiyum.
• He died leaving behind the legacy of a
powerful civilization.
• His tomb lays at Saqqara, the farmed area of
Memphis.
Tuthmosis III
• The son of Tuthmosis II and Isris
• When his father died his stepmother,
Hatsheput, took charge.
• She was Tuthmosis III co-regent and for 20
years he was pushed into the background as
she ruled Egypt.
• When she died Tuthmosis III came to the
throne.
• As an act of revenge or retribution, he
destroyed as many of Hatsheput’s statues,
monuements and buildings.
Tuthmosis III
• He was remembered for is successful military
campaigns.
• He had numerous victories against Syria, Libya and
Nubia.
• In his lifetime he married several foreign princesses,
apparently for diplomatic reasons.
• His chief queen was Hatsheput-Merytre.
• King Tuthmosis III established Egypt as a powerful
military strength.
• King Tuthmosis III died in his 55th year of reigning
and was buried in the Valley of the Kings.
Akenaton
• Original name was Amonhotep IV.
• Reigned 1350-1334 B.C.E
• He wanted to change the Egyptian supreme
god from Amon-Re to Aton.
• Therefore he changed his name to Akenaton
which means “he who serves Aton”
• He also built a new city called Akhetaton.
• This was the first attempt at radically
changing the Egyptian religion.
Akenaton
• His wife was Nefertiti who was known for her
beauty.
• Today, Akenaton is remembered for trying to
introduce monotheism to Egypt.
• Monotheism means only one god:Aton.
• It is not sure how Akenaton died but the next
two kings, Smenkhkara and Tutankhamun
were apparently son’s-in-law to Akenaton.
• After his reign Egypt returned back to their
old Gods.
Djoser
• Djoser reigned for about 19 years.
• His right hand man, Imhotep, was famous for his
genius.
• Imhotep came up with the idea of the step pyramid.
• The pyramids design consisted of six giant steps
and contained many chambers and secret tunnels.
• It is believed that during Djoser’s reign, he extended
the Egyptian Southern Border all the way to the
Nile’s First Cataract.
• He left behind the legacy of the step pyramid, which
was the basis of all other pyramids to come.
Rames II
• Went to the throne at the age of 20 and
reigned for 67 years.
• This was the second longest reign for any
Egyptian King.
• Ramses is remembered for constructing
many architectural marvels.
• Constructed more colossal statues than any
other Egyptian King.
• Two of his greatest monuments are the two
huge temples at Abu Simbel.
Ramses II
• Ramses also had many military victories.
• Not long after the reign of Ramses II, Egypt
was invaded and eventually fell to the rule of
foreigners.
• Ramses not only excelled in architecture but
he also had a great number of wives.
• By the end of his life Ramses had over 100
children!
• After his death Ramses son, Menataph,
became the heir to the throne.
Khufu
• Khufu lived from 2589-2566 B.C.E
• He reigned for around 24 years.
• Khufu is most remembered for building Great
Pyramid of Giza.
• The pyramid originally stood 481 feet tall.
• Khufu had many sons but the one chosen to
be his successor was Djedefre.
• Khufu left behind the legacy of the Great
Pyramid and even today it’s still a mystery to
how it was built.
Tutankhamen
• King Tutankhamen came to the throne at a very
young age.
• When his father died, believed to be Akhenaton, he
became King at age 10.
• King Tutankhamen helped restore Egypt's old beliefs
from when his father tried to make Egypt a
monotheism society.
• He died suddenly at the young age of 18 by a blow to
the back of his head.
• Since his tomb had not yet been made, he was laid in
a tomb of a member of the nobility.
• He is famous today because of his tomb found by
archaeologists. Some say it was the most important
archaeological find.
Bibliography
• Brier, Bob. PhD. History of ancient Egypt. The First Nation in History.
The Learning Company. 2001.
• Dowling, Mike. The Pharaoh. West Palm Beach Florida, 23 Oct.
2004. 18 Oct. 2006 http://www.mrdowling.com/604-pharaoh.html.
• Dunn, Jimmy. Egypt Feature Story The Kings (Pharaohs) of Ancient
Egypt. 1996. 18 Oct. 2006
http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/pharaohs.htm.
• Newman, Garfield. Echoes from the Past. Whitby, Ontario: McGraw
- Hill Ryerson Limited, 2001.
• “Pharaoh." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2006. Encyclopaedia
Britannica Online. 18 t. 2006 . <http://www.britannica.com/eb/article9059581>.
• THE ASTRA CORPORATION LIMITED . Egyptology Online:
Discovering Ancient Egypt. 2001. 18 Oct. 2006
http://www.egyptologyonline.com/pharaohs.htm.
THE END!!!