Transcript Unit 3: Chapter 12: Regulation

Unit 3: Chapter 12:
Regulation
______________________
using the Nervous and
Endocrine Systems
A. Regulation
_________ = life process by which organisms
_______ to _________ within and around them
In humans the ___________ and __________
________ control and regulate bodily activities
B. Nerve Regulation
1 - _______ = ______________________________
2 - _______ = ______________________________
3 - _______ = ______________________________
_______________________________________
C. Human Nervous System
1 - _________________
__________
_____ and _________
2 - _______________
_________
Carries impulses to and
from CNS
D. Nerve Cells
1 - ________
a) Specialized cell _______________________
b) ______ = ___________________________
______________________________________
Impulse Animation
c) Parts of the Neuron:
- _______ = cyton – contains all the normal cell
parts  __________________________________.
- ________ – ________ on the cell body, ______
__________________________________________
- ____ – long fiber that extends from the cell body,
______________
- _____________ and
___________ – carry
impulse to the ______
_______ or ________
- Ganglia – are dense
groupings of cytons
d) _______ – ____________________________
- electrical impulse travels down the neuron from
the cell body, axon, terminal branch, and the
synaptic knob.
- At the synaptic knob _________________ are
released.
- ________________________________________
___________
___________
___________
____________
E. Types of Nerves
- nerves are bundles of neurons
1 – ______________ – located in sense organs –
___________
carry impulses to the
_________________
2 – ______________
– _________________
___________ interpret
impulses
3 – ___________ – located
at ______ carry impulses
from the CNS to _______
and _________
What kind of neuron is this?
F. _________
– the brain is made of _____________
- part of central nervous system
1 - ___________ – larger in humans than other
organisms
- many convolutions – increase surface area
- _______, motor, associative functions
(_____________, ___________)
- ____________________
2-
___________________
2nd largest part of the brain
____________________________
Smooth muscle movements (_____________)
3 - _________________
- connects to the spinal cord
- controls ______________________
– ________, ________,
________, ________
G. ________________
- _________________________________________
_____________________
- responsible for certain reflexes
_________ = involuntary automatic response to a
stimulus
_______________
H. Diseases and Disorders of the Nervous System
1 - _________________
- ________________________________________
______ and ____________
- severe head ache and ________________
2 - _______________
- birth disorder that
effects the ________
_________________
3 - __________
- _____ that destroys
___________ causing
____________
4 - The Effects of Drugs
- can permanently alter brain chemistry
- ____________ – speeds up the functions of the
nervous system  convulsions, heart attack,
death
ex: _______, amphetamines, crystal meth,
_________, nicotine, ________
- _________________
- slows down the functions of the nervous system 
____________________
ex: _______, ________, morphine, barbiturates
- _________________
- disrupt the function of the nervous system causing
hallucinations  ___________________________
_____________________
ex: __________, ecstasy, PCP, LSD, mesculine
I. _______________________
- System of chemicals released into the blood stream
- Stimuli causes certain glands to release chemical
messengers = ______________ directly into blood
- ________________________ to reach their target organ
and it __________________________
- Overall endocrine regulation takes ______________ but
has ____________________________
- Involved in ____________ and __________________
J. ______________________________
- includes several endocrine glands and their hormones
- endocrine glands are _________  ________________
________________________________
- hormones are transported to and act on _____________
K. Endocrine Glands and Hormones
1 - _______________________
- located in the brain next to the hypothalamus
- “_____________” – sends out hormones that controls other
endocrine glands
a – _____________________
___________ (TSH)
affects thyroid gland – helps
control rate of ____________
b – ______________________
______________ (FSH)
stimulates the development of
the ________________ in
females and sperm in the
testes of males
c – __________________ (GH)
stimulates bone, muscle, cartilage
cells
_______________________
_______________________,
acromegaly
2 - ____________________
- located around the trachea
- ___________ – regulates the rate of __________
made from ______________
- ___________ – enlargement of the thyroid
3 - __________________
- located on the back of the thyroid gland
“little buttons”
- _______________ – regulates __________________
________________________________
4 - ___________________
a – ____________ – epinephrine
increases metabolic rate, liver releases
glucose, increase breathing, heart rate,
sweating
b – _________ – opposite of adrenaline
slows down the metabolic rate, causes
the liver to uptake glucose, slow immune
system
c - “___________” response – in times of
stress adrenaline is released  gets you
ready for the emergency
after the stress cortisol is released to bring
your body back to “normal”
5 - _________________ – Pancreas
a – _________ – causes cells to uptake glucose in the liver
____________________
____________________
b – ________________ – causes the liver
to release glucose
____________________
____________________
c – _____________ – islets do not produce enough insulin
the person ____________________________________
Symptoms: lose weight, thirsty, weakness, glucose in the
urine
6 - Gonads
a - __________________
– _________ – stimulates the development of the female
reproductive system
____________________________ – hip shape, fat
deposits, breast development
– ______________________ –
“pregnancy hormone”
with estrogen the
hormones regulate the
menstrual cycle
b - ___________________
– _____________ – stimulates the development of the male
reproductive system
_________________________ – body hair, voice, muscle
L. ___________________________
- When one change in the body causes another change
- Usually deals with hormones and body tissues
1. _________________________________
the change opposes the original change
- Ex : _____________________________________, but the
________________________________  helps to maintain
homeostasis
- Ex 2: the __________________  and ______________
stimulates the _______________________________  an
________________________________________________
____________________