Transcript Bones of the Skull - (www.ramsey.k12.nj.us).

Regions of the Human Skeleton
Axial skeleton:
skull (cranium and facial bones)
hyoid bone (anchors tongue and muscles
associated with swallowing)
vertebral column (vertebrae and disks)
bony thorax (ribs and sternum)
Appendicular skeleton:
pectoral girdle (clavicles and scapulae)
upper limbs (arms)
pelvic girdle (sacrum, coccyx)
lower limbs (legs)
Articulation- where joints meet, connect, and are formed.
206 Bones in a Human Adult Skeleton
22 bones in skull
6 in middle ears
1 hyoid bone
26 in vertebral column
25 in thoracic cage
4 in pectoral girdle
60 in upper limbs
60 in lower limbs
2 in pelvic girdle
The Axial Skeleton
 Forms the longitudinal part of the body
 Divided into three parts
 Skull
 Vertebral column
 Bony thorax
Slide
The Axial Skeleton
Bones of the Skull- Frontal View (10.4)
Cranium:
-8 sutured bones
-Encases brain
-Muscle attachment
-Sinuses
Facial bones:
-13 sutured bones
-1 mandible
Bones of the Skull- Lateral View (10.1)
Human Skull:
Inferior Superficial View (10.2)
Human Skull:
Superior View of the Floor of Cranial Cavity (10.3)
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Fetal Skull: Superior View (10.9)
•Skull bones are still incomplete
•Fontanels (“little fountain”):
•Unossified remnants of fibrous membranes
•Pulse can be felt surging in these “soft spots”
•Allow infants head to be compressed slightly during birth
•Accommodate brain growth in fetus & infant
•Anterior fontanel
remains soft until 1.52yrs of age
•Others are replaced by
bone by the end of the
first year
Fetal Skull: Lateral View (10.9)
Paranasal Sinuses (10.6)
• Mucus lined, hollow, air-filled portions of bones surrounding the
nasal cavity
• Mucoase of sinus help to warm and humidify inspired air
The Hyoid Bone
 The only bone that does not
articulate with another bone
 Anchored by narrow
stylohyoid ligaments to
syloid process of temporal
bone.
 Serves as a moveable base
for the tongue
Figure 5.12
The Vertebral Column
 Vertebrae separated by
intervertebral discs
 Spine has a normal curvature
 Vertebrae vary in size and
morphology
 Each vertebrae named according
to location:
 7 cervical vertebrae
 12 thoracic
 5 lumbar
 1 sacrum (5 fused)
 1 coccyx (4 fused)
Structure of a Typical Vertebrae
Comparing Vertebrae Structure
Thoracic Cage
•Ribs, thoracic vertebrae, sternum, costal cartilages
•True ribs -directly attached to sternum (1st seven pairs
•Three false ribs are joined to the 7th rib
•Two pairs of floating ribs
Shoulder Girdle & Upper Limb
Pelvic Girdle
Male v. Female Pelvis
Human Leg Bones
The Hand & Foot Bones