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Labs 4 and 5 The Skeletal System “Them Not-So-Dry Bones” Objectives 6 & 7: Axial & Appendicular Skeleton Part 1 – The Bones AXIAL SKELETON Skull Vertebral Column Bony Thorax Bony Thorax Ribs: Sternum: 7 True Ribs Manubrium 1-7 (Vertebrosternal) Body (Gladiolus) Xiphoid Process 5 False Ribs 8 - 12 (Vertebrocostal) 7 8 The bottom 2 false ribs are Floating Ribs (Vertebral) Vertebral Column Number of each vertebrae correspond to average meal times: 7 Cervical Vertebrae Breakfast = 7 am Lunch = 12 pm Curvatures Posterior perspective: Concave surface 12 Thoracic Vertebrae Curves inward Convex surface Dinner = 5 pm 5 Lumbar Vertebrae Sacrum Coccyx Bulges outward Be able to identify: Atlas (C1), Axis (C2), Cervical, Thoracic, & Lumbar vertebrae Hyoid Bone • Floating bone • Acts as movable base for tongue • Attachment point for neck muscles that raise and lower the larynx (voice box) during swallowing and speech Skull 22 bones 8 Cranial bones 2 are paired 14 Facial bones 6 are paired Parietal The Skull Cranial bones Temporal 6 External = “al” Parietal Parietal Occipital 2 Internal = “oid” paired bones Frontal Sphenoid Ethmoid Occipital The Skull Facial bones Nasal Maxilla Lacrimal Paletine Zygomatic Maxilla Mandible Vomer Nasal Lacrimal Zygomatic Inferior Nasal Concha Vomer Maxilla Mandible Internal Bones Ethmoid Ethmoid Frontal Sphenoid “Keystone of the cranium” Temporal Sphenoid Vomer Paletine Occipital APPENDICULAR SKELETON Pectoral Girdle Upper Appendage Pelvic Girdle Lower Appendage Pectoral Girdle Clavicle Upper Extremity Scapula Humerus Ulna To pinkie Radius To thumb Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Paid (pisiform) The (triquetrum) Loan (lunate) So (scaphoid) Take (trapezium) The (trapezoid) Car (capitate) Home (hamate) trapezium Anterior Pelvic Girdle O s Ilium Pubis C o x a e Lower Extremity Femur Ischium Patella Tibia Fibula Fib – U - Lie Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Tarsal Bones “talon” TALUS CALCANEUS Cancaneal region Male vs Female Pelvis Is this bone a Right or Left? Posterior Anterior Spine L A T E R A L H U M E R U S M E D I A L Ribs H U M E R U S L A T E R A L If I were to place a single bone in a sealed, non-see-through bag, could you identify it by feel alone? Objectives 6 & 7: Axial & Appendicular Skeleton Part 2 – The Markings BIOL 204 Cervical Vertebrae C3 – C7 Thoracic Vertebrae Superior articular process Body Transverse process Spinous process T1 – T12 Costal facets Spinous process Lumbar Vertebrae Transverse process Spinous process Body Body L1 – L5 Sacrum & Coccyx Sutures Coronal Suture Frontonasal Suture Sagittal Suture Parietal Parietal λ = lambda Squamos(al) Suture Lambdoid(al) Suture Skull Markings some GLABELLA ZYGOMATIC PROCESS Zygomatic ALVEOLAR MARGIN MASTOID PROCESS STYLOID PROCESS MANDIBULAR FOSSA Temporal Bone MANDIBULAR CONDYLE CORONOID PROCESS CRISTA GALLI PALATINE PROCESS ZYGOMATIC PROCESS HYPOPHYSEAL FOSSA Palatine SELLA TURCICA OCCIPITAL CONDYLE Occipital PETROUS REGION Pituitary Gland = Hypophysis SUPERIOR & INFERIOR NUCHAL LINES Sphenoid Bone LESSER WINGS LESSER WINGS GREATER WINGS Sella Turcica PTEREGOID PROCESS Ethmoid Bone Crista galli Ethmoid sinuses Perpendicular plate Openings to allow passage of nerves and vessels OPTIC CANAL SUPRAORBITAL FORAMEN SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE INFERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE INFRAORBITAL FORAMEN EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS FORAMEN LACERUM FORAMEN ROTUNDUM CRIBRIFORM PLATE OPTIC CANAL FORAMEN OVALE FORAMEN SPINOSUM CAROTID CANAL FORAMEN MAGNUM INTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS JUGULAR FORAMEN HYPOGLOSSAL CANAL Superior vs Inferior Cranial Floor FORAMEN LACERUM FORAMEN OVALE CAROTID CANAL JUGULAR FORAMEN CAROTID CANAL JUGULAR FORAMEN STYLOMASTOID FORAMEN Cranial Nerves and Vessels Servicing the Brain In relation to the brain I I II VI IV III V V II V III IV V VIVII VIII IX X XII VII IX VIII X XI XII SC XI SC In relation to the skull Internal Carotid Artery passes through the Carotid Canal Internal Jugular Vein passes through the Jugular Foramen CC Skull cut JF Internal Jugular V. Internal Carotid A. Objective 7: Appendicular Skeleton Human Body Explorer Strength, #2 Markings Some ACROMIAL END ACROMION PROCESS STERNAL END Markings Os coxa Scapula Glenoid cavity Acetabulum Markings Greater & Lesser Head Tubercle Neck A n t e r i o r Greater & Lesser Trochanter P o s t e r i o r Posterior Scapula CORACOID PROCESS ACROMION PROCESS ? GLENOID CAVITY INFRASPINOUS FOSSA ? LATERAL BORDER Ossa Coxae (Coxal Bones) ILIAC CREST ALA GREATER & LESSER SCIATIC NOTCH ILIAC FOSSA BODY ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY Posterior OBTURATOR FORAMEN PUBIC CREST Elbow joint OLECRANON FOSSA OLECRANON PROCESS CORONOID FOSSA TROCHLEA CAPITULUM TROCHLEAR NOTCH TROCHLEA HEAD CORONOID PROCESS Knee joint PATELLAR SURFACE Femur LATERAL CONDYLE MEDIAL CONDYLE Tibia INTERCONDYLER EMINANCE Happy Studying!