Transcript Gross Anatomy of the Brain and Cranial Nerves

Gross Anatomy of the Brain
and Cranial Nerves
Cerebral Hemispheres
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Gyri –ridges of tissue
Sulci –shallow grooves
Fissures –deep grooves
Cortex –gray matter
White matter
Cerebral Hemispheres
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Longitudinal fissure –
separates hemispheres
Central Sulcus –divides
frontal lobe from parietal
lobe
Lateral sulcus –seperates
temporal lobe from parietal
lobe
Parieto-occipital sulcus –
diveds occipital lobe from
parietal lobe
Insula –buried deep within
lateral sulcus
Cerebral Hemispheres
Diencephalon
Brain Stem
Cerebellum
Spinal Cord
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Conus medullaris –
terminal portion of the
spinal cord
Filum terminale – fibrous
extension of the pia
mater; anchors the spinal
cord to the coccyx
Cauda Equina – spinal
nerves emerging from the
inferior end of spinal cord
Spinal Cord
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Spinal nerves – 31 pairs attach to the
cord by paired roots
Cervical and lumbar enlargements –
sites where nerves serving the upper
and lower limbs emerge
Cauda equina – collection of nerve roots
at the inferior end of the vertebral canal
Lumbar Tap
Gray Matter and Spinal Roots
Figure 12.31b
Cross-Sectional Anatomy of
the Spinal Cord
Figure 12.31a
Nerve Plexus
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4 major plexuses
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Cervical (C1-C5)
Brachial Plexus (C5-C8, T1)
Lumbar Plexus (L1-L4)
Sacral Plexus (L4-S4)
Spinal Nerves
Nerve
Plexus
Function
Phrenic
Cervical
Diaphragm-breathing
Axillary
Brachial
Shoulder
Musculocutaneous
Brachial
Upper Arm
Radial
Brachial
Lower Arm
Median
Brachial
Lower Arm
Ulnar
Brachial
Lower Arm
Femoral
Lumbar
Upper Leg/thigh
Sciatic
Sacral
Upper Leg/thigh
Common Fibular
Sacral
Lower Leg
Tibial
Sacral
Lower Leg