Transcript Document

TERMS OF REFERENCE
If you speak Spanish, you may find the following mnemonics useful:
Rostral (rostro means face);
Ventral (vientre means tummy);
Caudal (cola means butt)
TERMS OF REFERENCE
Terms of Reference
Like a loaf of bread
Like a hamburger
(horizon)
Like an apple
LATERAL VIEW
Central Sulcus
Lateral Fissure
_________ VIEW
Locate:
Spinal Cord
Brain Stem: (Pons Medulla)
Cerebellum
Central sulcus, lateral fissure,
Lobes,
Broca’s area, primary auditory, motor, and somatosensory cortex
DORSAL VIEW
VENTRAL VIEW
_________ VIEW
Locate:
Spinal Cord
Brain Stem:
Cerebellum
Frontal Lobe,
Temporal lobe
Olfactory nerve
Localize:
cerebellum,
pineal gland,
pituitary gland,
thalamus, hypothalamus,
corpus callosum,
Brainstem: medulla, pons, midbrain (superior colliculus, inferior colliculus ),
VENTRICLES - Two lateral, a third and a fourth ventricle, central canal - filled
with cerebrospinal fluid
MENINGES – cover brain and spinal cord - dura mater, arachnoid layer, pia mater
Vertebra of Spinal column
Basal Ganglia
BRAINSTEM
HYPOTHALAMUS: 4 F’s(feeding, fighting, fleeing,sex)
MIDBRAIN
– VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (reward, motivation)
– SUBSTANTIA NIGRA (motor function, Parkinson’s Disease)
PONS (arousal – reticular formation),
MEDULLA (respiration, heart rate, salivation)
Spinal cord
cross-section
Nissl-stained rat brain
Gross Anatomy
• The best way to learn anatomy is a combination of
coloring the anatomy book and hands-on labs.
• Thus there will be no lecture on this topic
• Use the following notes & figures as prompts and
reminders, rather than as a laundry list to be
memorized.
Terms describing anatomical structures
A bundle of axons:
in the Central Nervous System = TRACT (e.g., ‘optic tract’)
in the Peripheral Nervous System = NERVE (e.g., optic nerve)
A collection of cell bodies
in the Central Nervous System = NUCLEUS (e.g. nucleus accumbens)
in the Peripheral Nervous System = GANGLION
(exception: basal ganglia are in the CNS)
Gray matter - cell bodies
White matter - myelinated axons
Gyrus – ridge or protuberance on surface of the brain
Sulcus – groove on surface of brain between gyri
Fissure – long, deep sulcus