Transcript Nerve activates contraction

Organs of the Respiratory
system
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_____________
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_____________
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_____________
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_____________
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_____________
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_____________
Figure 13.1
Function of the Respiratory
System
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Oversees ____________________between the blood and
external environment
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Exchange of gasses takes place within the lungs in the
_______________
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Passageways to the lungs purify, warm, and
_______________ the incoming air
The Nose
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The only ______________________part of the
respiratory system
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Air enters the nose through the external ____________
(nostrils)
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The interior of the nose consists of a nasal cavity
divided by a ___________________
Upper Respiratory Tract
Figure 13.2
Anatomy of the Nasal Cavity
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Lateral walls have projections called
conchae
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Increases __________________________
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Increases __________________________
The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the
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Anterior hard palate (made of __________________)
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Posterior soft palate (made of __________________)
palate
Paranasal Sinuses
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Cavities within bones surrounding the nasal cavity
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______________________
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______________________
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______________________
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______________________
Paranasal Sinuses
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Function of the sinuses
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___________________________________________
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___________________________________________
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___________________________________________
Pharynx (Throat)
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Muscular passage from nasal cavity to __________________
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Three regions of the pharynx
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_________________ – superior region behind nasal cavity
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_________________ – middle region behind mouth
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_________________ – inferior region attached to larynx
Which 2 are common passageways for air and food
Larynx (Voice Box)
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Routes ________ and ___________ into proper channels
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Plays a role in ________________
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Made of eight rigid ___________ cartilages (protrudes
anteriorly and is commonly referred to as the
____________________)and a spoon-shaped flap of
elastic cartilage (_______________)
Structures of the Larynx
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______________________
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Vibrate with expelled air to create sound (speech)
____________ – opening between vocal cords
Trachea (Windpipe)
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Connects _____________ with __________________
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Lined with ciliated mucosa
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Beat continuously in the opposite direction of incoming air
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Expel mucus loaded with dust and other debris away from lungs
Walls are reinforced with _____-shaped hyaline cartilage
Primary Bronchi
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Formed by division of the _________________
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Enters the lung at the ______________
(medial depression)
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Bronchi subdivide into smaller
and smaller branches called ____________________
Lungs
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Occupy most of the ________________ cavity
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Apex is near the ________________ (superior portion)
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Base rests on the _________________ (inferior portion)
Each lung is divided into lobes by ___________________
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Left lung – _____ lobes
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Right lung – _____ lobes
Coverings of the Lungs
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Pulmonary (visceral) _________ covers the lung surface
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What is the significance of this covering having fluid
between its layers? What does it allow for?
Respiratory Tree Divisions
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Primary _________________
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Secondary _________________
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Tertiary ________________
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___________________
Bronchioles
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Smallest branches of
the bronchi
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Terminal bronchioles
end in ALVEOLI
Figure 13.5a
Respiratory Zone
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Structures
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Respiratory bronchioli
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Alveolar duct
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Alveoli
Site of _____________________
Respiratory Membrane (AirBlood Barrier)
Figure 13.6
Gas Exchange
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Gas crosses the respiratory membrane by ____________
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Oxygen enters the ________________
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Carbon dioxide enters the ____________________
Macrophages add protection
Events of Respiration
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Pulmonary ventilation – moving air in and out of the
_____________
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External respiration – gas exchange between pulmonary
_____________ and _____________
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Internal respiration – gas exchange between _________
and tissue cells in ______________
Mechanics of Breathing
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Depends on volume changes in the __________ cavity
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Volume changes lead to _____________ changes, which lead
to the flow of gases to ensure homeostasis
Mechanics of Breathing
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Two phases
 _____________
– flow of air into lung
 _____________
– air leaving lung
Inspiration
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______________ and _______________ muscles contract
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The size of the thoracic cavity ________________
Expiration
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Largely a ______________ process which depends on
natural lung elasticity
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Forced expiration can occur mostly by contracting
internal intercostal muscles to depress the rib cage
Respiratory Volumes and
Capacities
Normal breathing moves about 500 ml of air
with each breath (________________[TV])
 Many factors that affect respiratory capacity
 _____________
 _____________
 _____________
 _____________
 _______________ of air – after exhalation,
about 1200 ml of air remains in the lungs
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Respiratory Volumes and
Capacities
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_______________________(IRV)
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Amount of air that can be taken in forcibly over the tidal
volume
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Usually between 2100 and 3200 ml
_______________________(ERV)
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Amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled
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Approximately 1200 ml
Respiratory Volumes and
Capacities
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Vital capacity
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The total amount of exchangeable air
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Vital capacity = _____ + _____ + _____
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Air that actually reaches the respiratory zone =
__________________
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_________________volume
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Air that remains in conducting zone and never reaches alveoli
Respiratory Capacities
Figure 13.9