Transcript Biology 211 Anatomy & Physiology I

Biology 322
Human Anatomy I
Peripheral Nervous System
Recall: All organs are composed of, at most, four tissues
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
Nervous tissue: Excitable cells (neurons)
Nonexcitable (supporting) cells
Connective tissue: Meninges - in central nervous system
Endoneurium
Perineurium
in peripheral nervous system
Epineurium
Epithelium
found only in blood vessels of PNS
Muscle (smooth)
Cells of Nervous Tissue:
1) Excitable cells =
2) Nonexcitable cells =
Cell body of
neuron
Axon of
neuron
In PNS:
Neuron cell bodies
Axons and dendrites
Nerve:
Outside
Nerves originate
Cranial Nerves:
The names, functions, origins, terminations, foramina,
and effects of damage are listed in your text for all of the
cranial nerves.
Using this information, you will be expected to know
a) The names and numbers of all 12 pairs of cranial nerves,
including the subdivisions of cranial nerve V
b) The foramen through which each cranial nerve passes
c) The primary functions of each cranial nerve
d) The effects of damage to each cranial nerve
Using this information, you will be expected to know
a) The names and numbers of all 12 pairs of cranial nerves,
including the subdivisions of cranial nerve V
b) The foramen through which each cranial nerve passes
c) The primary functions of each cranial nerve
d) The effects of damage to each cranial nerve
Example: The abducens nerve (VI) originates from the pons
and exits the skull through the superior orbital fissure. It
innervates the lateral rectus muscle which causes the eye to
rotate laterally, so injury to this nerve on one side causes an
inability to rotate that eye laterally.
Spinal Nerves:
Spinal Nerves:
-
Originate
-
Pass
-
Naming Spinal Nerves:
Naming Spinal Nerves:
But:
A plexus is
1.
Example:
2.
Example:
We will go into greater detail about the cervical plexus,
but you will not be held responsible for details of the
cervical, lumbar, or sacral plexes EXCEPT:
You need to know which spinal nerves contribute their
ventral rami to each plexus.
You need to know which plexus gives rise to each of
the following nerves, and which area of the body each
of them innervates:
Common fibular/peroneal
Femoral
Genitofemoral
Inferior and superior gluteal
(Sciatic)
Obturator
Phrenic
Pudendal
Tibial
Summary of the Brachial Plexus
More than 20 nerves leave the brachial plexus to supply
both afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) innervation to
the shoulder, arm, forearm, hand, and parts of the neck and
thoracic wall.
We will follow five of these:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Cutaneous Innervation
Anterior
Posterior