Transcript KNR 181 Lab intro - knr181labvedeenfall09

KNR 181 Lab
Introduction to Anatomy
Lab Objectives
Students will be presented information
related to two human systems:
– The Skeletal System
Students will be able to identify and locate
individual bones and landmarks of the skeleton
– The Muscular System
Students will be able to identify and locate skeletal
muscles, and name correct origin, insertion, and
actions of each muscle.
Lab Activities
Presentation of material by instructor
In-class study by students using:
– Primal software on computers
– Textbooks
– Articulated and unarticulated bones
– Muscle models
– Lab handouts, study guides, etc.
Out-of-class study by students
– PLEASE NOTE: This is absolutely essential !
Grading for the Lab
There will be Three exams over the skeletal
system, and Three exams over the muscular
system. Each will range between 45-65 points.
There will be several quizzes, some unannounced, some may be “bonus” quizzes
There will be several assignments, some for
extra-credit.
Your grade is determined by the percentage of
the total points available. This accounts for 40%
of your overall grade in 181.
Study materials to use
Any Anatomy text will do…just get one
and use it!
– Use the Marieb text for overview of
information and reference, use Web page
– Use a text with illustrated pictures of skeleton
and bones
– Use a text with illustrations of skeletal
muscles
– Primal software is available during class, or
come to open Labs
Other helpful hints
Get a study partner…and study at least
two hours per week.
Use whatever study materials you find
useful.
Come in to the open Lab sessions.
Ask questions!
Don’t procrastinate.
Don’t expect it to be easy. Memorization of
LOTS of information never is!
Anatomical terminology
Anatomical position
– Standing erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing
forward with thumbs pointing away from the
body.
Axial
– Division of the body making up the head, neck,
and trunk
Appendicular
– Division of the body consisting of the limbs or
appendages (arms and legs)
Anatomical Directions
Superior/Inferior:
– Upper part of a structure/lower part of a structure (top
vs. bottom)
Anterior/Posterior:
– The front of the body (ventral), the back of the body
(dorsal)
Medial/Lateral:
– Towards the mid-line (inside), away from the mid-line
(outside)
Intermediate:
– Between a medial and lateral structure
Anatomical Directions
Proximal/Distal:
– Closer to the origin of a body part, away from
the origin of a body part
Superficial/Deep
– Towards or at body surface, away from the
body surface (more internal)
General terms for features of bones
Body: the main part of a bone
Head: an enlarged end of a bone
Neck: a narrow area below the head
Margin or border: an edge of a bone
Angle: a part of a bone that has a bend
Ramus: a branch or bridge off the body
Condyle: a smooth, rounded, articular (joint)
surface
Epicondyle: near or above a condyle
General terms for features of bones
Facet: a small, flattened articular surface
Line or linea: a low ridge
Crest or crista: a prominent ridge
Spine: a very high ridge
Process: a prominent projection
Tubercle: a small, rounded process (lump)
Tuberosity: a larger, knoblike process
Foramen: a rounded hole
Fossa: a depression