Transcript Chapter 11
Chapter 11 Cranium Part 2 Topographical Landmarks • ______________ – Between eyebrows • _____________ line – Line connecting outer points (canthi) of the eyes • ______________ – Depression at bridge of nose Landmarks • ______________ – Area of upper lip and nasal septum • _______________ – Point of lower posterior mandible • _______________ – Tip of chin Ear Landmarks • ______________ (Pinna) – Large flap of ear • ______________ – Small flap anterior to EAM • ______________attachment (TEA) – Top of ear where glasses sit Eye Landmarks • _______________ – Points of outer and inner eye • _____________ margin – Superior ridge of eye • ____________margin – Inferior ridge of eye Skull Lines • _______________(GML) – Glabella to EAM • _______________ (OML) – Outer canthus to EAM • ________________ (IOML) – Infraorbital margin to EAM Skull Lines • _______________(AML) – Acanthion to EAM • ______________(LML) – Closed lips to EAM • _____________(MML) – Mental point to EAM Watch out in skull imaging • Watch positioning lines – No __________ – No ___________ • Pt condition • ___________________ Imaging the Cranium Routine • • • • • • PA Caldwell AP Towne Rt/Lt Lateral Submentovertex (SMV) 70-80-kV 40”SID PA Caldwell • Pt Prone (Upright or Recumbent) • _____________to bucky – No Rotation or Tilt • ___________angle • CR to exit ___________ PA Caldwell • Petrous ridges should be in __________of orbits • Lateral orbital margins ____________ from lateral cranium • Alternate AP uses a __________angle PA • Same positioning • ____________angle • Petrous ridges will be _________and orbits will be __________ shaped. AP Towne • Pt Supine (Upright or Recumbent) • ____ Perpendicular or ____ perpendicular • ______angle for OML or _______for IOML • CR to enter EAM line. _________glabella AP Towne • ___________equidistance to lateral skull margin. • ______________in foramen magnum Rt/Lt Lateral • Pt in ______________with head turned in lateral • ______________ line perpendicular • ___________ perpendicular to front edge of cassette • CR directed ___________to EAM Lateral • Rotation – ______________separation of bilateral structures – EAM – Sphenoid greater wings • Tilt – ____________separation – EAM – Orbital Plates Submentovertex (SMV) • Various ways to get position • _________________to cassette • _____________________midway between gonion exits vertex