Transcript Animal Organization and Homeostasis

Animal Organization and Homeostasis
15.1 Types of tissues
What is tissue?
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Two or more cells of the same type performing a common
function
Four types of tissue
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Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous
What is epithelial tissue?
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Characteristics
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Cell rich
Avascular
Basal vs. apical side (polarity)
Basement membrane
Cell shapes
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Squamous
Columnar
cuboidal
What types of epithelium are there?
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Types
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Simple
Stratified
Glandular
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Exocrine
Endocrine
What is connective tissue?
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Characteristics
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Cell poor
Matrix rich
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Collagen
Elastin
Reticular fibers
Vascular (with
exceptions)
Cyte vs. blast
What are the types of connective tissue?
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Adipose
Loose CT
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Dense CT
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Lacunae
Chondro-
Bone
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Fibro-
Cartilage
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Fibro-
Osteo-
Blood
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Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets
What is muscular tissue?
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Responds to stimulus
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Contracts
Myo-
Three types
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Skeletal (voluntary)
Cardiac (involuntary)
Smooth (involuntary)
What is nervous tissue?
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Also responds to stimulus
Sends signals
Two types of cells
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Neuroglia
Neurons
Animal Organization and Homeostasis
15.2 Body cavities and homeostasis
What are body cavities?
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Regions of body
Two cavities
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Dorsal
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Brain
Spinal cord
Ventral
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Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic
What are the organ systems of the body?
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Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Immune
Urinary
Digestive
Respiratory
Reproductive
What is homeostasis?
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Body’s tendency to
maintain internal set
points
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Negative feedback
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Most common
Solution state is
opposite of problem
state
What is a positive feedback loop?
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Positive feedback
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Rare
Solution state
heightens
problem state
Child birth
Fever
Blood clotting
Animal Organization and Homeostasis
15.3 Anatomical position and terms
What are some anatomical terms for
position/location?
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Anatomical
position: left is
right and right
is left!
Position
descriptions
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Supine, prone
Ventral, dorsal
Anterior, posterior
Superior, inferior
Medial, lateral
medial
Lateral
Proximal, distal
proximal distal comparison
Superficial, deep
What are the anatomical planes?
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Sagittal
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Midsagittal
Parasagittal
What are the anatomical planes?
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Frontal
What are the anatomical planes?
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Transverse
What are the body cavities?
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Dorsal body cavity
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Cranial cavity: cranium and stuff inside
Vertebral cavity: vertebral column and stuff
inside
What are the body cavities?
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Ventral body cavity
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Diaphragm divides thoracic and
abdominopelvic cavities
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Thoracic: mediastinum divides left from right
What kinds of membranes line cavities?
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Meninges: lines brain and
spinal cord
What kinds of membranes line cavities?
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Serous membrane:
no outside opening
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Inner: visceral layer
Outer: parietal layer
In between: cavity
filled with serous fluid
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Thoracic: pleurae and
pericardium
Abdominopelvic:
peritoneum
What kinds of membranes line cavities?
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Mucous membrane: outside opening
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Examples?