Transcript Ventral Cavity

Deanna Klosinski, PhD, MS, MT(ASCP)DLM
Seminar 1
• Located under the DocSharing tab
• Please read in its entirety
– Pay special attention to:
• Late Policy
• How to Label your Work and Email
EX: DKlosinski Unit 9 Project
• Grading and Rubrics
• Due Dates
• Plagiarism Policy
Thibodeau, G. & Patton, K. (2007). Structure & Function of the Body.
Mosby
– Read the preface to learn the textbook set-up
– Use the CD that accompanies the textbook
• Animation Direct
– Narrated , Anatomical Concepts & Physiological Principles
• Unit 1 Overview
– Introduce yourself
– Reading – Chapters 1 and 4 plus Activities:
•
•
•
•
•
Anatomy Andy
Flashcards
Games
Xword Puzzles
Video
ALL GOOD PRACTICE FOR EXAMS
Attendance @ Seminar
• Flex Seminar: Invitations sent by Tuesday
• Purpose: Give an overview of Unit Chapters
• Grading: Review grading rubric in the Class
Syllabus
– Expectations
• Be on time, stay the full hour
• Active relevant participation
• Questions/Responses during seminar
Option 2
• Takes place of 1hr seminar
• Review grading rubric in the Class Syllabus
– Expectations
• Well Written Response – See directions for Option 2
• Initial response required by Saturday
• Recommend Posting early in the Week
– Allows for others to respond
– Assists in meeting participation
requirements
• Post at least 2 other responses to your
classmates by Tuesday
• Use References
• Use Spell Checker and proper grammar
Take the diagram quiz by Tuesday 11:59 PM ET
• Units 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8
• Do as many times as you like
• Earn the most points
– 50 points for each
– 300 points total for course
All written materials use APA formatting
– Where to find APA information…
• apastyle.org
• Kaplan Writing Center
– Reference any information that does not
come from your own ideas or thoughts….
Project
– Unit 9 lists specific directions
– Submit in Microsoft Power Point
– APA applies for citations and reference
listings
• Announcements
– Please check frequently
– For my Sections: My Contact information
• Questions thus far?
• Let’s get started
– Unit 1
• Chapter 1
– Structure Level and Organization
– Anatomical Positions
– Body Cavities & Regions
– Plane & Body Structures
– Homeostasis
– Feedback Loops
• Chapter 4
– Eleven Organ Systems of the Body
• The study of the structure of the parts of the
body:
– ANATOMY
• The study of the function of the parts:
– PHYSIOLOGY
• Disruption of physiology can lead to disease
• Study of diseases of body:
– PATHOLOGY
• There is an order to the body arrangement
– It is the way the body is organized
– This is called the hierarchy of the body
– The smallest level is the chemical level:
Atom
cell
organ system
tissue
organ
organism (body)
• These are landmarks for giving directions
• Universal terms used by Health Care Professionals
• This is the way we communicate about areas regarding
the human body: (i.e.)
– Body position
• Anatomical, Supine, Prone
– Body direction
• Superior & Inferior, Anterior & Posterior, Medial &
Lateral, Proximal & Distal, Superficial & Deep
– Body Planes (Sections)
• Sagittal, Midsagittal, Frontal, Transverse
– Body Cavities
• Ventral & Dorsal, Thoracic, Abdominopelvic
• Any references made to
structures from now on
assume Anatomical Position
• It is the
– the patient’s right and left
(not yours)
• ASSUME ALL DIRECTIONS
START HERE
• Supine – lying face upward
• Prone – lying face downward
Superior
 “above” along the vertical axis of the body in anatomical
position
 like someone who is “superior”
 Cephalad or Cranial
towards the head
Inferior
 “below” along the vertical axis of the body in anatomical
position
 like someone who feels less than or “inferior”
 Caudal
towards the tail
 Anterior
 Towards the front of the body
 Also called – Ventral
 “venter” = Latin for belly
 Anterior and Ventral mean towards the belly or front of the
body
 Posterior
 Towards the back of the body
 Also called - Dorsal
 “dorsum” = Latin for back
 Posterior and Dorsal mean towards the back of the body
• Not really above, not really towards the
front……..
• Medial
– Toward the midline of the body
• Lateral
– Toward the side of the body, away from
midline
Example
The heart is
___ to the lungs and the
lungs are ________ to the heart.
• There are special terms used especially for
the limbs
• Proximal
– toward or closest the point of attachment or
trunk
– “close proximity”
• Distal
– away from the point of attachment or trunk
– “distance”
The elbow is
The fingernail is
to the wrist
to the knuckle
The hip is
The fingers are
to the knee.
to the shoulder.
Are you awake?
I’m watching you do these exercises!
• The next terms are used to describe the
position of structures relative to the body
surface
• Superficial
– towards the surface of the body
– more external
• Deep
– away from the surface of the body
– more internal
• 3 common planes frequently used to:
– describe dissections
– to look inside an organ or the body as a whole
• Frontal Plane
– “coronal plane”
– This is a vertical plane
– Divides the body into anterior/posterior parts
• Transverse Plane
– “Cross-Sectional” or “Axial”
– horizontal plane runs parallel to ground
– diving body into cranial/caudal parts
•
•
•
Sagittal
–
Divides body into right and left sides
–
Runs from front to back
Frontal or Coronal Plane
–
Anterior/Posterior halves
–
Runs for side to side
Traverse Plane is cross sectional
-
Runs parallel to ground
-
Divides body into upper and lower
halves
• “Cavity” - any hollow place or space in the
human body
• Major cavities are used to divide body
into regions and describe the organs
found within
• Viscera
– fancy term used to describe the organs
within a cavity
• Visualize the body in anatomical position
• Locate the dorsal & ventral regions
• Dorsal Cavity
– towards the back
– subdivided into 2 cavities
• Cranial cavity - houses the cranium and
brain
• Spinal cavity - houses the spinal cord
and vertebral column
• Ventral Cavity
– towards the front of the body
– Subdivided into 2 cavities
• Thoracic Cavity
– superior ventral cavity
– everything from the diaphragm to the neck
– has right and left side which houses the
lungs
– contains an area with tissues and organs
between the lungs called the mediastinum
• Inferior ventral cavity:
• Abdominopelvic Cavity
– everything from the diaphragm to the groin
area
– Subdivides into:
• Abdominal cavity
– superior abdominopelvic cavity
– contains digestive organs (except sigmoid
colon)
• Pelvic cavity
– inferior abdominopelvic cavity
– contains reproductive organs, urinary bladder,
sigmoid colon, rectum
• Abdominal Cavity is
divided into 9 regions
– Rt hypochondriac
– Epigastric
– Lt hypochondriac
– Rt lumbar
– Umbilical
– Lt lumbar
– Rt iliac
– Hypogastric
– Lt iliac
• Four roughly
equal sections
• Named according
to relative position
**Remember
Anatomical Right
& Left**
• All the systems work together to promote
balance
• Homeostasis
• The ability for the body to maintain an internal
environment for proper function
• The body functions best at homeostasis
• When the body moves away from homeostasis, you
move toward disease
• Loss of homeostasis at any level of the hierarchy can
affect the rest of the body
• Ultimate loss of homeostasis = Death
• There is a negative feedback loop and a
positive feedback loop
• The most common is _________________
• Think about the thermostat in your house.
– Cold air comes in the house, temp falls, and
the thermostat tells the furnace to turn on.
Furnace produces heat and warms the
house. Bringing it back to normal.
– Your body works the same way
• Positive feedback loops
– Increases a rate of events to occur until
something stops the process
• A system was discussed in Chapter 1
• There are 11 major organ systems
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Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive
When you choose a topic
for your project, you will
choose a system that we
cover in this course. Be
sure to review the
syllabus content outline,
which lists the systems
that we cover.
They are: Skeletal,
Muscular, Nervous, and
Endocrine systems
Your To Do List:
• Complete the readings and online materials
• Complete the discussion/participation requirements
• Complete the seminar requirements
• Take Diagram Quizzes (lots of times OK for most points)
• Study for Exams – MidTerm and Final
• Plan your final Project
• When you send an email :
– Remember to add your name, section number and
subject to email subject line
• Ex: dklosinski section#00 Project
Questions?