Transcript Document

Teresa Thomas, RN, BSN, MBA-HCM
Seminar 1
• Located under the DocSharing tab
• Please read in its entirety
– Pay special attention to:
• Late Policy
• How to Label your Work and Email
EX: TThomas Unit 3 Option 2
• Grading and Rubrics
• Due Dates
• Plagiarism Policy
Attendance @ Seminar
• Flex Seminar: Invitations sent by Tuesday
• Check Calendar View weekly for the Seminar you want to attend
•
•
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If you don’t receive an invite by Wednesday morning, email your
professor prior to so that another invitation can be sent
Purpose: Give an overview of Unit’s Chapters
Grading: Review grading rubric in the Class Syllabus
– Expectations
• Be on time, stay the full hour
• Active relevant participation
• Questions/Responses during seminar
Option 2
• You must complete and submit if you did not attend one of the
available seminars
• Directions are listed under each Unit tab – click on the “seminar icon”
located to the right. Then scroll down to view the directions.
• Review grading rubric for Option 2 in the Class Syllabus
– Expectations
• Well Written Response – must include a reference per the directions.
• Not all Units contain a Discussion Board activity
• Initial response required by Saturday
• Recommend Posting early in the Week
– Allows for others to respond
– Assists in meeting participation requirements
• Post at least 2 other responses to your classmates
by Tuesday
• Must contain a reference if you use material
from another source.
• Use Spell Checker and proper grammar
The Final Project needs to be a PPT: Use APA
formatting
– Where to find APA information…
• apastyle.org
• Kaplan Writing Center
– Reference any information that does not come
from your own ideas or thoughts….
– Pictures or Figures (watch copyright issues)
Final Project – Unit 9
– Lists the directions
– Submit in Microsoft PPT only
• The 50-point diagram quiz is based on the material from
the Unit.
• The Diagram Quizzes are for you to assess your ability to
diagram structures correctly.
• These diagrams are set up to help you practice your
knowledge.
– They are required!
– It is recommended that you take them more than
once, if you do not score the full 50 points.
– The diagrams are due by the end of this Unit.
• Read ALL of the instructions prior to attempting to
complete the diagrams.
– Practice, Practice, Practice – this is how we learn!
• Midterm is in Unit 5
– Seminar will be a review of the previous Units covered on the
Midterm
– 3 hours to take the exam
– 100 questions
– Save answers often!
• Final Exam is in Unit 10
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Covers all of the course Units
Has more questions from Units 6 through 10
3 hours to take the exam
Contains a Diagram
Save answers often!
Thibodeau, G. & Patton, K. (2007). Structure & Function of the
Body. Mosby
– Etext available under the DocSharing Tab
– Read the preface to learn the textbook set-up
– Use the CD that accompanies the textbook
• Animation Direct
– Narrated , Anatomical Concepts & Physiological
Principles
• Classroom Unit tabs
– Readings: Textbook PPT’s, Anatomy Andy, Flashcards,
Games, Puzzles
– Discussion Board (not for every Unit)
– Seminar: Flex and Option 2
– Quiz (Diagram Quiz)
• Announcements
– Please check frequently
– For my Sections: My Contact information
• Questions thus far?
• Let’s get started
– Unit 1
• Chapter 1
– Structure Level and Organization
– Anatomical Positions
– Body Cavities & Regions
– Plane & Body Structures
– Homeostasis
– Feedback Loops
• Chapter 4
– Eleven Organ Systems of the Body
• The study of the structure of the parts of the
body:
– ANATOMY
• The study of the function of the parts:
– PHYSIOLOGY
• Disruption of physiology can lead to disease
• Study of diseases of body:
– PATHOLOGY
• There is an order to the body arrangement
– It is the way the body is organized
– This is called the hierarchy of the body
– The smallest level is the chemical level:
Atom
cell
organ system
tissue
organ
organism (body)
• These are landmarks for giving directions
• Universal terms used by Health Care Professionals
• This is the way we communicate about areas regarding
the human body: (i.e.)
– Body position
• Anatomical, Supine, Prone
– Body direction
• Superior & Inferior, Anterior & Posterior, Medial &
Lateral, Proximal & Distal, Superficial & Deep
– Body Planes (Sections)
• Sagittal, Midsagittal, Frontal, Transverse
– Body Cavities
• Ventral & Dorsal, Thoracic, Abdominopelvic
• Any references made to
structures from now on
assume Anatomical Position
• It is the
– the patient’s right and left
(not yours)
• ASSUME ALL DIRECTIONS
START HERE
• Supine – lying face upward
• Prone – lying face downward
Superior
 “above” along the vertical axis of the body in anatomical
position
 like someone who is “superior”
 Cephalad or Cranial
towards the head
Inferior
 “below” along the vertical axis of the body in anatomical
position
 like someone who feels less than or “inferior”
 Caudal
towards the tail
 Anterior
 Towards the front of the body
 Also called – Ventral
 “venter” = Latin for belly
 Anterior and Ventral mean towards the belly or front of the
body
 Posterior
 Towards the back of the body
 Also called - Dorsal
 “dorsum” = Latin for back
 Posterior and Dorsal mean towards the back of the body
• Not really above, not really towards the
front……..
• Medial
– Toward the midline of the body
• Lateral
– Toward the side of the body, away from
midline
Example
The heart is
___ to the lungs and the
lungs are ________ to the heart.
• There are special terms used especially for
the limbs
• Proximal
– toward or closest the point of attachment or
trunk
– “close proximity”
• Distal
– away from the point of attachment or trunk
– “distance”
Now….Let’s look at some examples!
The elbow is
wrist
The fingernail is
knuckle
The hip is
The fingers are
to the
to the
to the knee.
to the shoulder.
• The next terms are used to describe the
position of structures relative to the body
surface
• Superficial
– towards the surface of the body
– more external
• Deep
– away from the surface of the body
– more internal
• 3 common planes frequently used to:
– describe dissections
– to look inside an organ or the body as a whole
• Frontal Plane
– “coronal plane”
– This is a vertical plane
– Divides the body into anterior/posterior parts
• Transverse Plane
– “Cross-Sectional” or “Axial”
– horizontal plane runs parallel to ground
– diving body into cranial/caudal parts
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Sagittal
–
Divides body into right and left sides
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Runs from front to back
Frontal or Coronal Plane
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Anterior/Posterior halves
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Runs for side to side
Traverse Plane is cross sectional
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Runs parallel to ground
-
Divides body into upper and lower
halves
• “Cavity” - any hollow place or space in the
human body
• Major cavities are used to divide body
into regions and describe the organs
found within
• Viscera
– fancy term used to describe the organs
within a cavity
• Visualize the body in anatomical position
• Locate the dorsal & ventral regions
• Dorsal Cavity
– towards the back
– subdivided into 2 cavities
• Cranial cavity - houses the cranium and
brain
• Spinal cavity - houses the spinal cord
and vertebral column
• Ventral Cavity
– towards the front of the body
– Subdivided into 2 cavities
• Thoracic Cavity
– superior ventral cavity
– everything from the diaphragm to the neck
– has right and left side which houses the
lungs
– contains an area with tissues and organs
between the lungs called the mediastinum
• Inferior ventral cavity:
• Abdominopelvic Cavity
– everything from the diaphragm to the groin
area
– Subdivides into:
• Abdominal cavity
– superior abdominopelvic cavity
– contains digestive organs (except sigmoid
colon)
• Pelvic cavity
– inferior abdominopelvic cavity
– contains reproductive organs, urinary bladder,
sigmoid colon, rectum
• Abdominal Cavity is
divided into 9 regions
– Rt hypochondriac
– Epigastric
– Lt hypochondriac
– Rt lumbar
– Umbilical
– Lt lumbar
– Rt iliac
– Hypogastric
– Lt iliac
• Four roughly
equal sections
• Named according
to relative position
**Remember
Anatomical Right
& Left**
• All the systems work together to promote
balance
• Homeostasis
• The ability for the body to maintain an internal
environment for proper function
• The body functions best at homeostasis
• When the body moves away from homeostasis, you
move toward disease
• Loss of homeostasis at any level of the hierarchy can
affect the rest of the body
• Ultimate loss of homeostasis = Death
• There is a negative feedback loop and a
positive feedback loop
• The most common is _________________?
• Think about the thermostat in your house.
– Cold air comes in the house, temp falls, and the
thermostat tells the furnace to turn on. Furnace
produces heat and warms the house. Bringing it back
to normal.
– Your body works the same way
• Positive feedback loops
– Increases a rate of events to occur until something
stops the process
• There are 11 major organ systems
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Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive
When you choose a
disease for your project,
you will choose a disease
from one of the systems
that we cover in this
course. Be sure to review
the syllabus content
outline, which lists the
systems that we cover.
They are: Skeletal,
Muscular, Nervous, and
Endocrine systems
• Weekly:
– Complete the readings and online materials.
– Attend Seminar
– Complete the discussion/participation requirements
required for the Unit.
– Take the Diagram Quiz if required for the Unit.
if
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– Remember to add your name, section number and
subject to email subject line
• Ex: tthomas section#00 Unit 3 Diagram Quiz
Question
• Questions?