Transcript Body regions

Chapter 1
Applied Learning Outcomes
Learn body orientation terms that explain or
describe the following:
• Body direction
• Various views of the body and body parts
• Positioning of the body for medical
procedures
Learn the locations of
• The major body regions and cavities, and
the structures contained within them
Use the terminology associated with the major
body regions and cavities
Understand aging and pathology as they
relate to body organization
Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body
Introduction
Fine or Microscopic
Anatomy: The study of
anatomy concerned with
the microscopic features
of the body
Gross Anatomy: The
study of anatomy
concerned with the
features of the body
visible to the naked eye
Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body
Anatomy is the study of body structure
(Like size, shape, location, etc.)
Physiology is the study of how the body and systems function
Homeostasis: the body’s ability to remain stable despite changes.
Anatomical Position is standing upright facing
forward, arms at the sides with Palms forward,
and the feet slightly apart.
Human Body Orientation
Directional
orientation
explains a
particular view
of a person
Directional
planes are
views of
imaginary lines
sliced through a
person
Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body
Directional orientation explains a particular view of a person.
•Medial refers to the middle of the body.
•Lateral refers to the sides of the body.
•Superior, or cephalic, refers to a location near the head.
•Inferior, or caudal, refers to a location near the feet.
•Anterior, or ventral, refers to the front of the human body.
•Posterior, or dorsal, refers to the back of the human body.
Directional planes are views of imaginary lines sliced through a
person.
•A sagittal section slices the body vertically into left and right
sections.
•A midsagittal section slices the body into equal left and right
halves.
•A frontal, or coronal, section slices the body vertically into
anterior and posterior sections.
•A transverse section slices the body horizontally into inferior
and superior sections.
Positions
•Sitting
•Fowlers
•Supine
•Trendelenburgs
•Prone
•Modified tredelenburgs
•Dorsal recumbent
•Lithotomy
•Knee-chest
•Sims
Human Body Orientation
• Antagonistic:
Opposing
movements
Flexion   Extension
Abduction   Adduction
Inversion   Eversion
Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body
Flexion: to bend a joint
Extension: to straighten a joint
Abduction: movement of the arm or leg away from the midline of
the body
Adduction: movement of the arm or leg toward the midline of the
body
Eversion: movement of the hand or foot so that the thumb or great
toe moves away from the midline of the body
Inversion: movement of the hand or foot so that the thumb or great
toe moves toward the midline of the body
Body Regions and Cavities
• Body regions
are divided into
general locations,
abdominopelvic
regions, and
quadrants
Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body
Body regions are divided into general locations, abdominopelvic
regions, and quadrants.
•Abdominopelvic regions include nine sections that divide up the
abdominal and pelvic portions of the body.
•Quadrants section the abdominal region into four portions.
Abdominal
Stomach
Acromial
Shoulder region
Axillary
Arm pit
Brachial
Arm (upper)
Cardiac
heart
Carpal
Wrist
Cervical
Neck region
Clavicular
Collar bone
Cranial
skull
Cubital
Elbow
Cutaneous
skin
Femoral
Thigh
Geniculate
Knee region
Gastric
stomach
Gluteal
Hepatic
Lumbar
Nasal
Ocular
Palmar
Pectoral
Pedal
Pelvic
Plantar
Pubic
Pulmonary
Renal
Thoracic
Buttocks
Liver
Small of back
nose
Eyes
Hands
Chest region
Foot
Hip bones and pelvis
Sole of foot
Groin region
lungs
kidneys
Chest
Superficial
Any body part close to skin
Deep
Region towards the inside
Bilateral
Laterally on sides of body
Unilateral
Single part in lateral location
Parietal
Outer wall of hollow body part,
or thin covering
Body Regions and Cavities
• The human body
is naturally divided
into internal
cavities
Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body
2 Main Cavities
1. Dorsal: (posterior)
2. Ventral: (anterior)
Dorsal Cavity
has 2 cavities inside:
1. Cranial Cavity: formed by the skull,
contains the brain.
2. Spinal or Vertebral Cavity: formed by
the spine and contains the spinal cord.
Ventral Cavity
( 2 parts) separated by the diaphragm)
1. Thoracic: heart and lungs found here
2. Abdominal Cavity: liver, stomach, intestines
Summary
Directional terms describe
• the relative location of different body features
• the ways the body can be viewed along imaginary lines
Position terms explain
• how a patient should be positioned for a procedure
Movement terms explain
• a person’s ability to move a body structure in a particular
direction in relation to the center of the body
Body region terms
• create a map of the body locations
• describe the location of pain or injury
Body cavity terms
• create a map of the body structures
• help healthcare workers communicate accurately and
effectively
Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body