Transcript Chapt04 Lecture 13ed Pt 3

Human Biology
Sylvia S. Mader
Michael Windelspecht
Chapter 4
Organization and
Regulation of
Body Systems
Lecture Outline
Part 3
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4.5 Epithelial Tissue Protects
4. Epithelial tissue
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•
•
•
•
It is a group of cells that forms a tight, continuous
network.
It _____ body cavities, _______ body surfaces,
and is found in glands.
Cells are anchored by a ____________________
on one side and free on the other side.
It is named after the appearance of cell layers and
the shape of the cells.
There is transitional epithelium that changes in
appearance in response to ________.
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4.5 Epithelial Tissue Protects
How do we name epithelial tissue?
•
Number of cell layers
• _________ (one layer of cells)
• _______________ (appears to have multiple
layers but only has one layer)
• __________ (more than one layer of cells)
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Simple
Figure 4.7a. Shapes of epithelial cells.
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4.5 Epithelial Tissue Protects
How do we name epithelial tissue?
•
Shape of cell
•
•
•
________ (cube-shaped)
_________ (column-shaped)
_________ (flattened)
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Pseudostratified columnar
Figure 4.7b. Shapes of epithelial cells.
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4.5 Epithelial Tissue Protects
What does epithelial tissue look like?
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Simple
squamous
• Lining of lungs,
Blood vessels
• protects
basement membrane
Simple cuboidal
• lining kidney
tubules, various
glands
• absorbs molecules
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basement membrane
© Ed Reschke
Simple columnar
• lining of small
intestine, oviducts
• absorbs nutrients
Pseudostratified,
ciliated columnar
• lining of trachea
• sweeps impurities
towards that
Stratified squamous
• lining of nose,
mouth, esophagus,
anal canal, vagina
• protects
cilia
goblet cell
secretes
mucus
basement
membrane
Figure 4.8. The basic types of epithelial cells.
goblet cell
secretes
mucus
basement
membrane
basement membrane
© Ed Reschke
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4.6 Integumentary System
The integumentary system
•
It includes the _____ and accessory organs such
as hair, nails, and glands.
•
The skin has 2 main regions called the _________
and the _______.
•
Under the skin there is a ___________________
between the dermis and internal structures where
fat is stored.
•
It is important for maintaining homeostasis.
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4.6 Integumentary System
What are the functions of the
integumentary system?
1. It __________ the body from physical trauma,
invasion by pathogens, and water loss.
2. It helps regulate ________________.
3. It allows us to be _______ of our surroundings
through _________ receptors.
4. It synthesizes chemicals such as melanin and
___________
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4.6 Integumentary System
There are 2 regions of the skin
•
•
Epidermis
Dermis
sweat pore
stem cells
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hair shaft
Epidermis
sensory receptor
capillaries
oil gland
arrector pili muscle
Dermis
free nerve endings
hair follicle
hair root
sweat gland
artery
vein
nerve
Subcutaneous
layer
(hypodermis)
adipose tissue
Figure 4.9. Anatomy of human skin.
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4.6 Integumentary System
The epidermis
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•
•
•
•
•
It is the thin, outermost layer of the skin.
It is made of epithelial tissue.
Cells in the uppermost layers are dead and
become filled with keratin, thus acting as a
_____________________.
Langerhans cells are a type of white blood cells
that help fight pathogens.
______________ produce melanin that lend to
skin color and protection from UV light.
Some cells convert cholesterol to vitamin D.
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4.6 Integumentary System
The dermis
•
It is the thick________ layer of the skin.
•
It is made of __________________________.
•
It contains elastic and collagen fibers.
•
It contains blood vessels, many sensory
receptors, and glands.
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4.6 Integumentary System
Where are skin cells keratinized?
flattened and
dead cells
Epidermis
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cells undergoing
keratinization
dermal
projection
Dermis
stem cells
and melanocytes
© John D. Cunningham/Visuals Unlimited
Figure 4.10. A light micrograph of human skin.
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4.6 Integumentary System
What you need to know about
skin cancer?
•
2 of the 3 types that arise in the epidermis
•
•
_______________ is the most common yet
least deadly form of skin cancer.
___________ is the most deadly form of skin
cancer but is the least common.
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4.6 Integumentary System
What you need to know about
skin cancer?
•
What can you do to help prevent this?
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•
•
•
Stay out of the sun between 10 A.M. and 3 P.M.
Wear protective clothing (tight weave, treated
sunglasses, wide-brimmed hat).
Use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15 that
protects from UV-A and UV-B rays.
Do not use tanning beds.
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4.6 Integumentary System
What might skin cancer look like?
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a. Basal cell
carcinoma
b. Melanoma
a: © Ken Greer/Visuals Unlimited; b: © James Stevenson/SPL/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Figure 4.11. Cancers of the skin.
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