Transcript Chapter 26.2

Chapter 26.2
A NEW KIND OF WAR
The World War I Battlefield
 The trenches stretched hundred of miles across
Western Europe and the use of poison gas were a
result of the deadlock due to the trenches
The World War 1 Battlefield
 Trench Warfare
 Not a new form of warfare
 Life in the trenches were terrible
 Rain produced muddy unsanitary life style
 Hard to remove dead bodies sometimes impossible
 Full of lice, rats, and many other creatures
 Many times the soldiers were ordered “over the top” which
meant to leave their trenches and run to the opposing
trenches. This meant running across “ no man’s land” between
the two
 Thousands of men died there and were left where they fell
World War 1 Battlefield
 New Weapons
 Neither side was able to advance with the type of war they
were fighting, trench warfare.
 Poison gas was the new weapon
It chocked, burned, and blinded the victims
 It killed thousands of men
 It was very unpredictable, the winds could change and it could
blow back on the side that had dropped it
 Both side developed gas masks to protect themselves
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Rapid fire machine
Modern industry produced artillery and high explosive shells
with enormous destructive power
Turn to page 783
World War 1 Battlefield
 Tanks and Aircraft
 Tanks were engineered by the British and could cross large
amounts of land and were significant at the end of the war
 Aircraft were useful from the beginning
 First it was used to see the enemies positions
 Later they attached machine guns and began air warfare
 However these advances did not help on the battlefield. The
trench warfare kept the war in a deadlock
War on the Home Front
 These countries realized that to win this new type of
war, they need to enact total war, which would use
all of societies resources. Governments began to take
strong control of their citizens lives
War on the Home Front
 Government Actions
 Changes in industry and economics occured
Many of the factors began to produce military resources
 Citizens preserved food and other goods for military use
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Countries began to censor newspaper and the truth out the war
and causalities
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Caused people to be against the war
Government created propaganda to make the enemy look
brutal and the war essential
War on the Home Front
 Women and The War
 Most the men were at war so many of the women went to work
 Many of the women worked in the factories to produce goods
for the war
 Many were nurses and helped the wounded in the war
 This changed help begin the view of women in society and the
workforce
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Also helped women gain the right to vote in many countries
Battles on the Western Front
 In 1915 many Allies had died and the war was
looking bleak for the allied forces
 The Italian Front
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May 1915 Italy entered the war and joined the Allied Powers
Italy sent troops to the Austria-Hungary Italian borders
There were many battles but Italy made little progress
Battles on the Western Front
 The Battle of Verdun
 February-December 1916
 The fortress of Verdun was a strong hold and important to the
French since the Roman times.
 Germans thought the French would do whatever it took to
defend Verdun
 They wanted to kill as many French soldiers as possible
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“To bleed the French white”
By the end of the campaign 400,000 French had died as did
Germans
The stalemate on the Western front continued but it weakened
both sides
Battles on the Western Front
 The Battle of the Somme
 June – December 1916
 British launched an attack on the Germans so they would pull
them away from Verdun
 They attacked on the Somme Rive in France
 By the end 60,000 British had died
 No major breakthroughs
 Both side lost many men and were weakened even more
Battles on the Western Front
 The Third Battle of Ypres
 1917 continued to go badly for the Allied Powers
 Spring of 1917 a failed French offensive caused rebellion
among the French soliders
 The British launched the Third attack on Ypres (in Belgium) on
the German but still no major break through
 By the end of 1917 the front lines were virtually unchanged
War around the World
 Thirty nations officially took sides in WWI moving it
from a war in Europe to an actual World War
 Turn to page 787
War around the World
 The Gallipoli Campaign
 In late 1914 the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers
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They controlled an important location
They controlled the Dardanelles which was part of water route
between the black sea and the Mediterranean. The Allies used
it to ship supplies to the Russians
In 1915 the Allies wanted to destroy the strong hold the
Ottoman Empire had in the Dardanelles. Again this was a
failure for the Allies and they lost 200,000 men
However, Ottoman Empire fell because it’s subject in the
Arabian Peninsula rebelled and the British sent troops over
(T.E. Lawrence) to help the rebellion.
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With his help the Arabs overthrew the Ottoman rule
War around the World
 The Armenian Massacre
 When the Gallipoli campaign went on a different conflict
arouse in the Ottoman Empire
 Russia launched an attack in the Caucasus mountains
Home to many Armenian’s
 Armenians were the minority group in the Ottoman Empire
because they were of Christian religion and the rest of OE was of
practiced Islam
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Ottoman Empire accused the Armenians of helping the
Russians and they began forcibly removing and killing the
Armenians in the area
Many accused the Ottoman Empire of genocide- the deliberate
destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group
War around the World
 Other Fighting
 Other battles were fought across the world in Asia and Africa
 Japan declared war on Germany in 1914
As a military agreement with GB
 They captured German colonies in China and the Pacific
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British and French troops attacked German colonies in Africa
Allied colonies scattered across the world contributed in
fighting and supplying the Allied Powers. Many worked as
laborers to build supplies
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India, Australia, Canada, NZ
Many fought in hopes that they would gain their
independence, they soon found out these hopes were in vain.