Transcript The French and Indian War - Social Circle City Schools

The French in North America
 The French and English
were competing over
land.
 Natives were threatened
by colonial expansion.
 What were the main
goals for England and
France in North
America?
The Iroquois
 This middle land is
mostly owned by the
Iroquois League, who
remained neutral.
 Acting as a buffer
between the two nations,
they gained favors from
both the French and
English by promising not
to join forces with the
other side.
Tensions Rise
 More land, more problems
 In 1744 the Iroquois sold the rights
to trade in Ohio to some Virginia
land spectators. The spectators
assumed that these rights came with
the right to acquire land, and sold
some to a couple of Virginia farmers.
 This upset the Ohio Valley Indians
as well as the French.
 The government of Virginia then
decided to send out a body of
soldiers under Lieutenant Colonel
George Washington to protect
Virginia’s land claim. (22 years old at
the time)
Albany Plan of Union
 In Albany, New York Benjamin
Franklin and William Shirley
came up with a plan to join the
colonies together
 It would include a President
chosen by the King and
representatives elected by the
people. The plan was to unite the
colonies and allow them to
coordinate defenses, levy taxes,
and regulate Indian affairs as well
as establish a Continental Army
 However, this plan was rejected
because of the colonies distrust of
one another.
The War “7 Years War”
 British colonists vs French colonists and Indians
 Iroquois remained neutral
 British were losing the war because money was running
out and colonists didn’t pay their share
 Also, with the help of the
Indians, the French won
most of the battles early
on in the war.
 Following one defeat in battle,
Washington gathered the remaining
troops and retreated back to Fort
Cumberland in western Maryland,
arriving there on July 17, 1755.
 The next day, Washington wrote a
letter to his family explaining that after
the battle was over, he had taken off his jacket and had found
four bullet holes through it, yet not a single bullet had
touched him; several horses had been shot from under him,
but he had not been harmed. He told them:
 By the all powerful dispensations of Providence, I have been
protected beyond all human probability or expectation.
Washington openly acknowledged that God's hand was upon
him, that God had protected him and kept him through.
England makes some changes
 Upset with the current

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
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outcome, King George II
appointed new leaders to run
the government.
William Pitt became chief of
war minister and reinvigorated
the British army
Prime Minister sent a “blank
check” to win
England started to win and the
Iroquois joined their side.
British never lost a battle since
– eventually winning the war
after a victory at the Battle of
Quebec.
Treaty of Paris 1763
 France lost Canada, Mississippi River, and New Orleans
keeping only the West Indian sugar islands of the
Caribbean.
 Spain (allied with the French) lost Florida but gained
France’s land west of the Mississippi, including New
Orleans.
 England gained all of
North America east of the
Mississippi.
Proclamation Line
of 1763
 In response to a revolt of
Native Americans led by
Pontiac, an Ottawa chief, King
George III declared all lands
west of the Appalachian Divide
off-limits to colonial settlers.
 The edict forbade private
citizens and colonial
governments alike to buy land
from or make any agreements
with natives; the empire would
conduct all official relations.